Class 10 History Chapter 2 Assertion and Reason Questions - India and the Contemporary World - II

Direction: Mark the option which is most suitable:

Q1: Assertion: In 1517. the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church.
Reason: This led to a division within the Church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false. 
Ans: (a)
Explanation: A printed cojiy of the Theses was posted on a church door in Wittenberg. It challenged the Church to debate his ideas. Luther’s waitings were immediately reproduced in large numbers and read widely. The reason thus correctly justifies the assertion.

Q2: Assertion: The new reading culture was accompanied by a new technology.
Reason: From hand printing there wa3 a gradual shift to mechanical printing.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.  
Ans: (a)
Explanation: The new reading culture indeed emerged with the advancement of printing technology. Hand printing was the initial method used for producing books, but over time, there was a transition to mechanical printing, which made printed materials more accessible and contributed to the growth of reading culture. The reason provided does correctly explain the assertion.

Q3: Assertion: The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever-increasing demand for books.
Reason: Chinese paper reached Europe via the silk route.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false. 
Ans: (b)
Explanation: Copying was laborious, expensive and time-consuming. Manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle, and could not be carried around or read easily. Therefore, their circulation remained limited. The reason does not explain or justify the assertion.

Q4: Assertion: The first book that Gutenberg printed was the Bible.
Reason: About 500 copies were printed and it took two years to produce them.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false. 
Ans: (c)
Explanation: About ISO copies were printed and it took three years to produce them. The reason is thus false.

Q5: Assertion: Print and popular religious literature stimulated many distinctive individual interpretations of faith even among little-educated working people.
Reason: Through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, literacy rates went up in most parts of Europe.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.  
Ans: (b)
Explanation: The assertion is accurate in stating that print and popular religious literature played a role in encouraging individual interpretations of faith among less educated individuals. The reason, however, is not a direct explanation of this assertion. While it is true that literacy rates increased during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe, the reason doesn't directly support the idea that print and religious literature led to individual interpretations of faith. The increase in literacy rates could have contributed to greater access to printed materials, but it doesn't inherently explain why distinctive interpretations of faith emerged.

Q6: Assertion: As literacy and schools spread in African countries, there was a virtual reading mania.
Reason: Churches of different denominations set up schools in villages, carrying literacy to tribals.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.   
Ans: (d)
Explanation: As literacy and schools spread in European countries, there was a virtual reading mania. Churches of different denominations set up schools in villages, car lying literacy to peasants and artisans. 

Q7: Assertion: Children became an important, category of readers.
Reason: Primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.   
Ans: (a)
Explanation: The assertion is true, as children did become an important category of readers due to various factors, including the growth of children's literature and improvements in literacy rates. However, the reason provided is not entirely accurate. While primary education did become increasingly important and widespread, it didn't necessarily become universally compulsory across all regions or countries in the late nineteenth century. Compulsory primary education varied significantly by region and country, and its connection to children becoming readers is not a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

Q8: Assertion: There was intense controversy between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like-widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatory.
Reason: The Deoband Seminary founded in 1867, published thousands upon thousands off at was telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in everyday lives, and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrines.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.   
Ans: (b)
Explanation: The assertion is true, as there were indeed intense controversies between reformers and orthodox groups in India over various religious and social issues. However, the reason provided does not directly explain the assertion. The reason talks about the Deoband Seminary and its publications, which are related to the Muslim community's religious guidance. While both the assertion and the reason are true, the reason doesn't explain the specific controversies mentioned in the assertion between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy.