Short Questions: Rural Livelihoods | NCERT Summary: UPSC PDF Download

Q1: Which other works/services do the people of the village provide?
Ans: People engaged in services.

• Blacksmiths
• Nurses
• Teachers
• Washermen
• Weavers
• Barbers
• Cycle repairs
• Mechanics
• Some shopkeepers and traders.

Q2: How many tea shops are there in the village? What do they sell?
Ans: There are four tea shops in the village.
They sell:

• Tiffin in the morning—Idli, Dosa, Upama.
• Snacks in the evening—Vadai, Bonda and Mysorepak.

Q3: Write some sentences on the? work of agriculture.
Ans:

• Agriculture is the main work of the village people. ’
• Paddy is the main crop grown in the irrigated fields.
• Other crops are cotton, sugarcane and plaintain.
• Some coconut groves are there.
• There are several mango orchards.

Q4: Why do the poor people in rural areas spend time doing non-earning works?
Ans:

• The poor in the village/rural areas do not earn much money to meet their both ends or to survive with the little money they earn.
• They spend a lot of time on collecting firewood from forests, fetching water from distant bore well and grazing their cattle.
• These activities also save their money and fulfil their several needs.

Q5: Discuss the life of fishing communities during the period of 4 months of the monsoon.
Ans:

• Four months of the monsoon are those months when fishermen do not go to sea for fishing as it is a breeding season for fish.
• During this period the fishermen survive by borrowing money from the traders.
• During fish catch period they have to sell their fish to the trader and can not auction the fish in open market.
• This lean period is very difficult period for the fishermen.

Q6: What types of shops are located in the main street which looks alike.
Ans:

• Tea shops
• Grocery shops
• Barber shops
• Cloth shops
• Tailor shops
• Fertiliser and seed shops

Q7: Describe other shops of the village Kalpattu.
Ans: Other shops of the village Kalpattu:

• Blacksmith,
• He lives with his family.
• His house acts as workshop too.
• Next to the Blacksmith there is cycle hire and repair shop.
• Washerman’s shops; two families.
• Some people go to nearby town to work in construction work.
• Some work as lorry drivers.

Q8: Why had Thulasi and Raman to sell their cow?
Ans:

• Thulasi and Raman had school-going daughters. They lived with them with joy-
• One of the daughters fell ill last year.
• She was taken to the hospital for treatment.
• They borrowed money from Ramalingam for her treatment.
• They had to sell their cow for payment of loan they had borrowed from Ramalingam.

Q9: Describe the life of the landless or agricultural labourers in rural areas.
Ans: Life of agricultural labourers in Rural India.

• Nearly 66.67% of the population in rural areas is agricultural labourer.
• Some of them have their own small plots of land which cannot give them enough to earn their livelihood. Most of them are landless.
• They have to go to distant places to find work. This travel is called migration.

Q10: What do the famers do when their crops fail? 
Ans: When a farmer's crops fail, he or she must borrow money to survive or to cultivate other crops in a different season.

Q11: Brief Zamindari system.
Ans: The land was largely owned by big landowners, known as Zamindars, in the Zamindari system. They used to give modest farmers this land to cultivate.

Q12: What is private debt?
Ans: Private debt refers to loans taken for personal use by individuals or institutions.

Q13: How did the government of India bring social change by giving education to the rural children?
Ans: The government of India took a bold step by making education free for all children up to primary school level. This initiative will provide education to every child in India. This effort urged parents to take their children to school in order for them to have a brighter future.

Q14: What are the important sources of farming livelihood?
Ans: Sugarcane, mahua, honey, and cereals are the most common crops grown by farmers in rural areas. Sugar and jaggery are made from sugarcane as a basic material. Mahua is a plant that is used to create liquor and other items. Honey is utilised in a wide range of treatments and everyday foods. There are many different varieties of cereals, such as dal, rice, wheat, barley, maize, and so on. These are the items that people use on a daily basis all throughout the world.

Q15: What is a farmer's other source of income?
Ans: Animal husbandry, fishing, and dairy production are some of the other sources of revenue for farmers.

Q16: How do the citizens take part in Civic-Life?
Ans: People can participate in Civic-Life by doing public or volunteer labour.

Q17: How do villages help to grow a country?
Ans: Villages are regarded as the backbone of any country. Most of the food's main raw materials are cultivated in communities. Sugar, jaggery, honey, coffee, tea, wood, and other agricultural products can only be sold and distributed if a farmer grows them on his land and then sells them to designated factories. The majority of the main products are grown exclusively in communities.

Q18: How do the families of rural areas help each other on financial grounds?
Ans: Farming or labour are the primary sources of income for those living in rural areas. Despite the fact that they have the same level of living, economic inequalities might be detected. Some families who are able to save some money donate it to their acquaintances who are in need. Rural folks frequently help each other financially as a result of this.

Q19: State any three suggestions to raise the productivity of agriculture.
Ans: Two majors can be taken to increase agricultural productivity:-

• By providing irrigation advice to farmers.
• By providing them the appropriate marketing tools
• The population's impact on agricultural land is being reduced.