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Class 8 History Chapter 1 Question Answers - Our Pasts III (Part - I)

Q1: What was the prime objective of East India Company?
Ans: Its prime objective was the expansion of trade.

Q2: What was the earliest name of the present day Kolkata?
Ans: The earliest name of the present-day Kolkata was Kalikata.

Q3: Why could Delhi no longer function as an effective centre?
Ans: As powerful regional kingdoms emerged in various parts of India, Delhi could no longer function as an effective centre.

Q4: Who was the last of the powerful Mughal rulers?
Ans: Aurangzeb was the last of the powerful Mughal rulers.

Q5: Whom did the Company install in place of Mir Jafar and why?
Ans: When Mir Jafar protested, the Company deposed him and installed Mir Qasim in his place.

Q6: Who arrested Bahadur Shah Zafar and his sons?
Ans: Bahadur Shah Zafar and his sons were arrested by Captain Hodson.

Q7: What was farman?
Ans: Farman was a royal order issued by a ruler.

Q8: What led to intense conflict between the British and local rulers?
Ans: Fortification of settlements and efforts to carry on profitable trade led to intense conflict between the British and local rulers.

Q9: Who was made the Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey?
Ans: Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey.

Q10: Who discovered the sea route to India?
Ans: Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, had discovered the sea route to India in 1498.

Q11: When did the company take over Awadh?
Ans: The Company took over Awadh in 1856.

Q12: Who led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey?
Ans: Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey.

Q13: Who was called the tiger of Mysore?
Ans: Tipu Sultan was called the tiger of Mysore.

Q14: Name Sirajuddaulah’s commander who never fought the Battle of Plassey.
Ans: Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah’s commanders, never fought the Battle of Plassey.

Q15: Who was assassinated after the Battle of Plassey?
Ans: After the defeat at Plassey, Sirajuddaulah was assassinated.

Q16: Who initiated the policy of paramountcy?
Ans: Lord Hastings (Governor-General from 1813 to 1823) initiated a new policy of “paramountcy”.

Q17: Which governor general was impeached by the British Parliament?
Ans: Warren Hastings was impeached by the British Parliament.

Q18: Who was the ruler of England in 1600?
Ans: Queen Elizabeth I was the ruler of England in 1600.

Q19: Name the two rulers under whose leadership Mysore became powerful.
Ans: Haidar Ali and his famous son Tipu Sultan were the two rulers under whose leadership Mysore became powerful.

Q20: What constituted the Mughal army?
Ans: The Mughal army was mainly composed of cavalry (sawars: trained soldiers on horseback) and infantry, that is, paidal (foot) soldiers.

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FAQs on Class 8 History Chapter 1 Question Answers - Our Pasts III (Part - I)

1. What were the main reasons for the British East India Company's shift from trade to territorial control in India?

Ans. The British East India Company initially focused on trade, but several factors led to their shift towards territorial control, including the desire for increased profits, competition with other European powers, the need for security against local rulers, and the opportunity to exploit India's resources more effectively through direct governance.

2. How did the British East India Company establish its power in India?

Ans. The British East India Company established its power in India through a combination of military force, strategic alliances with local rulers, and exploiting divisions among Indian states. Key battles like the Battle of Plassey in 1757 allowed them to gain significant territorial control and influence.

3. What impact did the establishment of British power have on Indian society and economy?

Ans. The establishment of British power significantly impacted Indian society and economy by introducing new administrative systems, altering traditional trade practices, imposing taxes, and changing land ownership patterns. These changes often disrupted local economies and led to social unrest.

4. What role did the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 play in the transition from Company rule to direct British rule in India?

Ans. The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 was a pivotal event that highlighted the discontent with Company rule among Indian soldiers and the general population. The rebellion prompted the British government to dissolve the East India Company and take direct control of India, leading to the establishment of the British Raj.

5. How did the British justify their expansion into Indian territories during this period?

Ans. The British justified their expansion into Indian territories by promoting the idea of the "civilizing mission," arguing that they were bringing progress, education, and Western values to India. They also framed their actions as necessary for maintaining order and stability in a region perceived as chaotic and fragmented.

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