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Q1: Define the term ‘petrochemicals’.
Ans: Petrochemicals are substances derived from petroleum and natural gas. They are used in the production of detergents, fibers, plastics, and other industrial products.
Q2: What is CNG? What are its uses?
Ans: CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas. It is natural gas stored under high pressure. CNG is used for power generation and as a fuel for vehicles. It is considered a cleaner fuel option for transportation due to lower emissions compared to traditional gasoline or diesel.
Q3: What is coal? Write its two uses.
Ans: Coal is a hard, black combustible substance that mainly contains carbon.
Uses:
Q4: What is fuel?
Ans: Anything that burns to produce energy in an efficient manner is called a fuel.
Q5: Explain about coal tar.
Ans: Coal tar is produced when coal is heated in the absence of air. It is a thick, viscous liquid with a pungent smell. It is a mixture of various compounds including benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and phenol.
Q6: Where do we get coal and how is it formed?
Ans: Coal is obtained from coal mines deep within the earth's crust. It is formed from the slow decomposition of dead trees and other plant matter buried under high pressure and temperature over millions of years.
Q7: Give a brief description of peat.
Ans: Peat is the least advanced and softest form of coal. It has a low carbon content and a significant amount of moisture. It is not very suitable for use as fuel. Its carbon content is around 20 – 25%.
Q8: Name two products obtained from the destructive distillation of coal. What is the residue left in this process? Give one main use of this residue.
Ans: The two main products obtained from the destructive distillation of coal are coal gas and coal tar. The residue left in this process is coke. Coke is mainly used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals.
Q9: Name three constituents of petroleum and write their uses also.
Ans: The three constituents of petroleum are:
Q10: Define fossil fuels. Give examples.
Ans: Natural fuels that are formed by the burial of living organisms deep underground for an extended period of time are called fossil fuels.
For example, coal, petroleum, natural gas.
Q11: List the steps to conserve the resources.
Ans: As we know, we all are dependent on the resources. But we should keep in mind that resources are limited in nature. If we misuse it, our future generation will have no resources. This is an alarming situation.
We can take following steps:
Q12: Write a short note on petroleum.
Ans: Petroleum is the liquid form of fuel. It is also known as crude oil and found trapped between the layers of impervious rocks under the ground. It is a natural resource, which formed by the dead plants and animals in the sea. It is a dark coloured viscous liquid and like all other oils, it is lighter than water. It is a mixture of different hydrocarbons. It undergoes fractional distillation to yield petrol, kerosene, diesel and other chemicals used in manufacture of plastics.
Q13: Explain about the varieties of coal.
Ans: Depending upon the amount of carbon content, coal may be of four types:
Q14: The burning of fossil fuels causes air pollution. Explain.
Ans:
Q15: How is the energy useful to us? Explain.
Ans: We need energy in almost every field of our life. Without energy our life is impossible. Some of the uses of energy are:
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