Ecological and Economic importance of Cryptogams | Botany Optional for UPSC PDF Download

Members of Cryptogams 

Cryptogams are a group of lower plants that encompass various organisms, including algae, fungi, lichen, bryophytes (such as liverworts, hornworts, and mosses), and pteridophytes (including ferns and fern allies).

General Characteristics of Cryptogams

• All cryptogams, except fungi, are typically green in color.
• They possess "hidden reproductive organs," which is the basis for the term "Crypto" (hidden) and "gam" (reproductive parts).
• Cryptogams lack flowers and often go unnoticed.
• They are commonly found in the lowermost parts of natural ecosystems.
• They are rarely found in extreme environments, such as extremely hot or cold regions.
• Cryptogams are frequently found in humid environments, including soil, decaying wood, or tree trunks.

Habitats of Cryptogams

Cryptogams are often found in unusual habitats where many other plants cannot survive.
They commonly exist in the following environments:

• On the surfaces of rocks submerged in fast-flowing rivers or streams.
• On the surfaces of man-made structures.
• In swampy woodland areas.
• On the surfaces of trees.
• In ponds or lakes.
• In soil.
• In both marine and freshwater ecosystems.

Ecological Importance of Cryptogams

Cryptogams play a vital role in maintaining the health and balance of natural ecosystems. They act as nature's recyclers and contribute to soil erosion prevention. Cryptogams also serve as indicators of water pollution through phenomena like algal blooms, which produce harmful toxins affecting aquatic life.

Economic Uses of Cryptogams

Cryptogams have economic significance as they are used as food sources and detoxifiers in various ecosystems worldwide.