Short Answer Questions: Skeletal & Muscular System | Science Class 5 PDF Download

Q1: What is a bone, and how many bones are there in the adult human body?
Ans: A bone is a hard and tough tissue that makes up the body's skeleton. Adults have 206 bones in their bodies.

Q2: What are the main functions of bones in our body?
Ans: Bones serve several essential functions in our body:

• Provide shape and support to the body.
• Protect our organs from injury.
• Facilitate movement through connections with muscles.

Overall, bones are crucial for maintaining our structure and enabling mobility.

Q3: Describe the structure of bones. What are they made of?
Ans: Bones are primarily made of calcium, phosphorus, and a protein called collagen. They consist of a hard outer layer, known as the cortical bone, and a soft inner part called the trabecular bone. Bones have the remarkable ability to grow and repair themselves throughout a person's life.

Q4: How are bones classified based on their size and shape?
Ans: Bones in our body differ in size and shape. They can be classified into four main categories:

• Long bones: Found in the limbs, such as the femur and humerus.
• Short bones: Present in the wrists and ankles, like the carpals and tarsals.
• Flat bones: These include the skull and breastbones, which protect vital organs.
• Irregular bones: Examples include the bones of the hips and spine, which have complex shapes.

Q5: What is the skeletal system, and what are its main roles in the body?
Ans: The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of bones and connective tissues. Its main roles include:

• Providing shape and support to the body.
• Protecting organs such as the heart and lungs.
• Enabling body movement by serving as attachment points for muscles.

Overall, the skeletal system plays a vital role in maintaining the body's structure and facilitating movement.

Q6: Name the five main parts of the skeletal system and briefly explain their functions.
Ans: The five main parts of the skeletal system are:

• Skull: Protects the brain.
• Vertebral column: Supports the back and protects the spinal cord.
• Ribcage: Protects the heart and lungs.
• Limbs: Arms and legs that facilitate movement.
• Girdles: Connect the limbs to the body.

Q7: How many bones make up the human skull, and what is the function of the skull?
Ans: The human skull is made up of 22 bones. It serves several important functions:

• It gives shape to the face.
• It houses the eyes, nose, ears, and mouth.
• Most importantly, it protects the brain.

Q8: Explain the types of joints found in the human body, and provide an example of each.
Ans: There are two main types of joints in the human body: immovable joints and movable joints. Immovable joints are found in areas such as the skull, where they provide stability and protection. In contrast, movable joints allow for a range of motion and can be further classified into several categories:

• Hinge joints (e.g., knees) permit bending and straightening.
• Ball and socket joints (e.g., hips and shoulders) allow for rotational movement.
• Pivot joints (e.g., between the first and second vertebrae) enable rotation around a single axis.
• Gliding joints (e.g., in wrists and ankles) allow for sliding movements.

Q9: What is the function of cartilage, and where is it found in the body?
Ans: Cartilage is a strong and elastic tissue that protects bones from injury and provides flexibility. It is found in the nose and ears, making them soft and flexible.

Q10: How do muscles work with bones in the body, and what are the two types of muscles?
Ans: Muscles work with bones to enable movement. There are two types of muscles:

• Voluntary muscles: These are under our control, such as those in our arms and legs.
• Involuntary muscles: These are not under our control and include muscles found in the stomach and heart.

Muscles are composed of muscle fibres, which can be classified as:

• Striated muscle (skeletal)
• Smooth muscle (found in organs)
• Cardiac muscle (found in the heart)