Worksheet Solutions: Politics of Planned Development | Political Science Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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Q1: The final decision in a democracy must be a _______ decision, taken by people’s representatives.
Ans: political
The final decision in a democracy must be a political decision, taken by people’s representatives, reflecting the democratic essence of governance.

Q2: The Planning Commission was renamed as _______ on 1 January 2015.
Ans: NITI Aayog
The Planning Commission was renamed as NITI Aayog on 1 January 2015, signifying a shift in India's planning and policy-making approach.

Q3: The chief planner of the First Five Year Plan was _______.
Ans: KN Raj
The chief planner of the First Five Year Plan was KN Raj, overseeing the foundational economic strategies of independent India's early development.

Q4: The Second Five Year Plan stressed on heavy industries, promotion of _______ industries, reducing imports, and promoting exports.
Ans: indigenous
The Second Five Year Plan stressed on heavy industries, promotion of indigenous industries, reducing imports, and promoting exports, aiming for balanced industrial growth.

Q5: The Green Revolution involved the use of high-yielding variety seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and better _______.
Ans: irrigation
The Green Revolution involved the use of high-yielding variety seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and better irrigation, revolutionizing India's agricultural productivity.

Q6: Operation Flood, a rural development programme, was started in _______.
Ans: 1970
Operation Flood, a rural development programme, was started in 1970, aiming to transform the dairy industry and enhance rural economic opportunities.

Q7: The Indian economy grew at a sluggish per annum rate of _______% between 1950 and 1980.
Ans: 3 to 3.5%
The Indian economy grew at a sluggish per annum rate of 3 to 3.5% between 1950 and 1980, indicating a relatively slow economic growth period in those decades.

Assertion and Reason Based

Q1: Assertion: The Green Revolution led to agricultural prosperity in regions like Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh.
Reason: High-yielding variety seeds and better irrigation practices were implemented during the Green Revolution.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false.
Ans: (a)
The Green Revolution did indeed lead to agricultural prosperity in regions like Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh. The reason behind this was the implementation of high-yielding variety seeds, along with improved irrigation practices. The high-yielding seeds and better irrigation significantly increased crop productivity, leading to agricultural prosperity in these regions. Therefore, both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

Q2: Assertion: The presence of inefficiency and corruption in the Indian economy resulted in decreased faith in the country’s economic system from the 1980s onwards.
Reason: The Indian economy grew at a sluggish rate of 3 to 3.5% between 1950 and 1980.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false.
Ans: (b)
While both the assertion and reason are true, the reason provided does not directly explain why the presence of inefficiency and corruption led to decreased faith in the country’s economic system. The assertion states a consequence (decreased faith due to inefficiency and corruption), but the reason provides a different fact (slow economic growth rate between 1950 and 1980). While slow economic growth might be a reason for dissatisfaction, it does not directly explain why inefficiency and corruption caused decreased faith. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

Q3: Assertion: The Planning Commission was formed in 1950 with the Prime Minister as its chairman.
Reason: The Planning Commission played a crucial role in preparing the First Five Year Plan.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false.
Ans: (a)
Both the assertion and the reason are true. The Planning Commission was indeed formed in 1950 with the Prime Minister as its chairman, and it played a crucial role in preparing the First Five Year Plan. The reason directly explains the assertion, stating the role of the Planning Commission in preparing the plan. Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

Q4: Assertion: The Green Revolution primarily benefited small-scale farmers in India.
Reason: High-yielding variety seeds and better irrigation were provided to farmers during the Green Revolution.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false.
Ans: (b)
The assertion states that the Green Revolution primarily benefited small-scale farmers, but the reason provided contradicts this by stating that high-yielding variety seeds and better irrigation were provided to farmers. In reality, the Green Revolution primarily benefited large-scale farmers and regions with access to these resources, leading to increased income disparities. Small-scale farmers, in many cases, lacked access to these technologies and benefits. Therefore, while both the assertion and reason are individually true, the reason does not correctly explain the assertion. Option (b) is the correct answer.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: What is the purpose of Operation Flood?
Ans: Operation Flood aimed to increase milk production by organizing milk producers into cooperatives.

Q2: Who is known as the 'Milkman of India'?
Ans: Verghese Kurien is known as the 'Milkman of India.'

Q3: When was the Planning Commission renamed as NITI Aayog?
Ans: The Planning Commission was renamed as NITI Aayog on 1 January 2015.

Q4: What was the main focus of the Second Five Year Plan?
Ans: The Second Five Year Plan focused on heavy industries, indigenous industries, reducing imports, promoting exports, and developing infrastructure.

Q5: Name one major outcome of the early initiatives for planned development in India.
Ans: One major outcome was the establishment of economic foundations through the construction of mega dams and public sector industries.

Q6: Which sectors did the Indian mixed economy include?
Ans: The Indian mixed economy included both private and public sectors.

Q7: What was the main dilemma faced by early Indian planners regarding agriculture and industry?
Ans: Planners faced the dilemma of choosing between giving importance to agriculture or industry, as both were crucial for development.

Q8: Who was the chief planner of the First Five Year Plan?
Ans: KN Raj was the chief planner of the First Five Year Plan.

Q9: What did the Green Revolution involve?
Ans: The Green Revolution involved the use of high-yielding variety seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and better irrigation practices.

Q10: When did the Green Revolution take place in India?
Ans: The Green Revolution took place during the 1960s.

Short Answer Type Questions

Q1: Explain the importance of the Planning Commission in India's economic development during the early years after independence.
Ans: The Planning Commission was pivotal in India's early development post-independence. It formulated five-year plans, steering economic growth and ensuring a balanced approach. By coordinating various sectors, it shaped policies and initiatives, playing a crucial role in India's economic progress.

Q2: Describe the dilemma faced by early Indian planners regarding the balance between agriculture and industry.
Ans: Early Indian planners faced a challenge in prioritizing between agriculture and industry. Balancing the needs of both sectors was essential. Overemphasizing one could hinder the growth of the other. Striking a balance was crucial for comprehensive development without overshadowing either sector.

Q3: What were the major outcomes of the early initiatives for planned development in India?
Ans: Early initiatives laid India's economic foundation, constructing mega dams for irrigation and power. Public sector heavy industries, land reforms, and the Green Revolution bolstered economic growth. These initiatives ensured food security, industrial growth, and social welfare, shaping India's economic landscape.

Q4: Explain the concept of a mixed economy and its relevance to India's economic model.
Ans: India's mixed economy combined private and public sectors. Private enterprises contributed to economic growth, while public sectors focused on social welfare. This model aimed at balanced progress, ensuring both profit-driven growth and equitable resource distribution.

Q5: Discuss the challenges faced by the public sector in India’s mixed economy.
Ans: The public sector faced challenges like corruption and low productivity. Ensuring efficiency and accountability within state-owned enterprises was essential. While addressing social needs, policymakers struggled to maintain productivity and curb corruption, posing challenges in the public sector.

Q6: What were the main aims of the Second Five Year Plan in India's economic development?
Ans: The Second Five Year Plan focused on heavy industries, indigenous growth, reducing imports, promoting exports, and developing vital infrastructure. The plan aimed to raise national income, emphasizing the importance of savings over expenditure for economic progress.

Long Answer Type Questions

Q1: Discuss the outcomes of the early initiatives for planned development in India.
Ans: The early initiatives led to the establishment of economic foundations in India. Mega dams like Bhakhra-Nangal and Hirakund were constructed for irrigation and power generation. Several heavy industries in the public sector, including steel plants, oil refineries, and defense production units, were initiated. Additionally, land reforms were implemented, abolishing the colonial system of Zamindari and consolidating small pieces of land. The Green Revolution, introduced in the 1960s, significantly increased agricultural productivity in certain regions, making India self-sufficient in food production. Operation Flood, the White Revolution, organized milk producers into cooperatives, boosting milk production nationwide.

Q2: Describe the role of the Planning Commission in India's economic planning.
Ans: The Planning Commission was established in 1950 and played a pivotal role in India's economic planning. It was responsible for formulating five-year plans, which outlined the country's development goals and strategies. Chaired by the Prime Minister, the Commission coordinated between the central and state governments, private sector, and various agencies to implement these plans. The Planning Commission provided a structured approach to economic development, ensuring a balanced growth across sectors.

Q3: Explain the reasons behind the decrease in faith in India's economic system from the 1980s onwards.
Ans: Several factors led to a decrease in faith in India's economic system from the 1980s. Inefficiency and corruption within both public and private sectors eroded public trust. Economic growth, which had been sluggish at 3 to 3.5% between 1950 and 1980, failed to meet rising aspirations. The failure to address issues such as poverty, unemployment, and income inequality contributed to disillusionment. Additionally, global economic changes and the liberalization policies of the 1990s brought new challenges, intensifying concerns about the effectiveness and fairness of the economic system.

Q4: Discuss the impact of the Green Revolution on India's agriculture.
Ans: The Green Revolution, initiated in the 1960s, transformed India's agricultural landscape. High-yielding variety seeds, along with the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and improved irrigation, led to a significant increase in crop productivity. This revolution made India self-sufficient in food production, ensuring food security for the growing population. However, the benefits were not evenly distributed; regions like Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh prospered agriculturally, while others remained relatively backward. The Green Revolution marked a critical phase in India's agricultural history, increasing agricultural output and enabling the country to feed its population.