Passage Based Questions: Organisation of Data | Economics Class 11 - Commerce PDF Download

Passage - 1

Direction: Read the following Passage and Answer the Questions.

In Spatial Classification the data are classified with reference to geographical locations such as countries, states, cities, districts, etc. Sometimes you come across characteristics that cannot be expressed quantitatively. Such characteristics are called Qualities or Attributes. For example, nationality, literacy, religion, gender, marital status, etc. They cannot be measured. Yet these attributes can be classified on the basis of either the presence or the absence of a qualitative characteristic. Such a classification of data on attributes is called a Qualitative Classification. 

Q1: What is Spatial Classification in data analysis, and what geographical locations are typically used as reference points in this type of classification?
Ans:

• Spatial Classification involves classifying data based on geographical locations, such as countries, states, cities, districts, and other geographic regions.

Q2: What are Qualities or Attributes in the context of data, and can they be measured quantitatively?
Ans:

• Qualities or Attributes refer to characteristics like nationality, literacy, religion, gender, marital status, and similar features.
• These attributes cannot be measured quantitatively since they are qualitative in nature.

Q3: How are attributes classified when using a Qualitative Classification, and what is the basis for this classification?
Ans:

• In Qualitative Classification, attributes are classified based on the presence or absence of a qualitative characteristic.
• This classification is used to categorize data into distinct groups or classes according to whether the attribute is present or not.

Passage - 2

Direction: Read the following Passage and Answer the Questions.

A frequency distribution is a comprehensive way to classify raw data of a quantitative variable. It shows how different values of a variable (here, the marks in mathematics scored by a student) are distributed in different classes along with their corresponding class frequencies.

Q1: What is the primary purpose of a frequency distribution in data analysis, as mentioned in the passage?
Ans: 

• A frequency distribution is used to comprehensively classify raw data of a quantitative variable and display how different values of that variable are distributed across various classes.

Q2: What type of data is typically represented by a frequency distribution, and what variable is used as an example in the passage?
Ans:

• Frequency distributions are typically used for quantitative data, and in the passage, the example variable is the marks in mathematics scored by a student.

Q3: What information does a frequency distribution convey about the data, and what are the key components of a frequency distribution?
Ans:

• A frequency distribution provides information about how values are distributed in different classes, and it includes class boundaries and corresponding class frequencies to illustrate this distribution.

Passage - 3

Direction: Read the following Passage and Answer the Questions.

A Frequency Distribution shows how the different values of a variable are distributed in different classes along with their corresponding class frequencies. Either the upper class limit or the lower class limit is excluded in the Exclusive Method.

Q1: In the context of a Frequency Distribution, what does the Exclusive Method refer to, and what is excluded when using this method?
Ans:

• The Exclusive Method in a Frequency Distribution excludes either the upper class limit or the lower class limit.

Q2: How does a Frequency Distribution represent the distribution of values within different classes, and what essential information does it provide?
Ans:

• A Frequency Distribution represents how values of a variable are distributed across various classes and includes corresponding class frequencies.
• It offers a visual and numerical overview of the distribution of data.

Q3: When utilizing the Exclusive Method, what is the significance of excluding either the upper or lower class limit?
Ans:

• Excluding one of the class limits in the Exclusive Method helps avoid double counting data points that might fall on the boundary between two adjacent classes, ensuring accuracy in classifying data.