Textbook Solutions: Chapter name | Footprints Class 6: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

I. Tick (✔) the correct option. 

1. 
Ans:  (b)

2. 
Ans: (a)

3. 
Ans: (c)

4. 
Ans: (a)

5. 
Ans: (a)

6. 
Ans: (b)

7. 
Ans: (a)

8. 
Ans: (c)

9.
Ans: (a)

10. 
Ans: (c) 

II. State whether the following statements are true or false. Rewrite the statements to correct them. 

1.
Ans: False

2.
Ans: False.

3.
Ans: False.

4.
Ans: False.

5. Buddhist literature consists of the Tripitaka.
Ans: True.

III. Answer the following questions in brief. 

1.
Ans: The Upanishads are a part of the Later Vedic literature that focus on abstract concepts and mystical knowledge. Three Upanishads are Chandogya Upanishad, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, and Katha Upanishad.

2.
Ans: The teachings of Mahavira include Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Asteya (non-stealing), Tyaga (non-possession), and Brahmacarya (celibacy).

3.
Ans: The Buddha asked his followers to follow the Eight-fold Path to attain enlightenment and end the cycle of suffering. It provides a framework for leading a balanced and ethical life.

4.
Ans: 
Similarities:

• Both Buddhism and Jainism emphasize non-violence (Ahimsa) and non-possession (Aparigraha).
• Both reject the caste system and emphasize equality among all beings.

Differences:

• Jainism recognizes the existence of gods, while Buddhism does not.
• Buddhism follows the Middle Path, which advocates moderation, while Jainism prescribes a more austere lifestyle.

5.
Ans: The Middle Path in Buddhism refers to a balanced and moderate approach to life, avoiding extremes of indulgence and self-mortification. It is a way to achieve enlightenment and end the cycle of suffering. The Buddha taught that this balanced approach leads to true understanding and realization of the ultimate truth.

IV. Answer the following questions in detail. 

1.
Ans: The Upanishads are a collection of ancient Indian texts that form a part of the Later Vedic literature (1000-600 BCE). They shift the emphasis from gods and rituals to abstract concepts and mystical knowledge. The word "Upanishad" means 'at the feet of the guru or teacher' in Sanskrit. They were authored by learned Vedic seers and saints who sought answers to questions about life after death, the universe, and the presence of an Eternal Being. Some well-known Upanishads include Chandogya Upanishad, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, and Katha Upanishad. They continue to be read and have been translated into various languages.

2.
Ans: 

• The rise of new religions, such as Jainism and Buddhism, was influenced by several factors:
• Inequalities and conflicts due to the rigid caste system, which led to a desire for a more egalitarian religious system.
• Inaccessibility of religious literature written in Sanskrit to common people who spoke languages like Pali and Prakrit.
• Rapid urbanization and the shift from a barter system to the use of money, leading to a desire for a religion that promoted simple living and rejected materialism.

3.
Ans:
Similarities:

• Both Mahavira and Buddha were born into princely families.
• Both felt a deep sense of compassion and a desire to seek truth and enlightenment.

Differences:

• Mahavira was born into a kshatriya clan, while Buddha was born into the Sakya clan.
• Mahavira practiced extreme austerity and meditation for 12 years before attaining enlightenment, while Buddha initially practiced severe penances for six years before adopting the Middle Path.

4.
Ans:

• Jaina literature consists of texts known as Angas and Purvas, which contain the teachings of Mahavira. These were initially preserved through the oral tradition and later written down. The Angas and Purvas are considered sacred texts for Jainas.
• Buddhist literature includes the Tripitaka, also known as the Three Baskets, which are the Sutta Pitaka (teachings of the Buddha), Vinaya Pitaka (rules for monks and nuns), and Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical principles). Other important books include Milinda Panha and the Jatakas, which are part of the Sutta Pitaka.

5.
Ans:

Smilarities:

• Both Jainism and Buddhism emphasize non-violence (Ahimsa) and non-possession (Aparigraha).
• Both reject the caste system and emphasize equality among all beings.

Differences:

• Jainism recognizes the existence of gods, while Buddhism does not.
• Buddhism follows the Middle Path, which advocates moderation, while Jainism prescribes a more austere lifestyle.