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Electricity Chapter Notes | Eureka Plus Class 6: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

Introduction

Electricity is a form of energy that has become an essential part of our lives. It powers various appliances and activities, making tasks easier and more convenient.

Electric Cell and Battery

  • An electric cell is a device that produces electric current.
  • A set of electric cells is called a battery.
  • Cells have a positive (+) and a negative (—) terminal.
  • The positive terminal is the metal cap, and the negative terminal is the metal disc at the bottom.
  • Cells are filled with chemicals that react to produce electricity.
  • A cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
  • When chemicals are used up, the cell stops producing electricity.

Electric Bulb

  • An electric bulb produces light and heat when electricity passes through the tungsten filament inside.
  • The filament is fixed onto two thick wires, serving as positive and negative terminals.
  • The bulb is filled with argon gas, protecting the filament from heat.
  • If the filament breaks, the bulb fuses and stops producing light.

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

  • LEDs are used as an alternative to ordinary bulbs.
  • They have thick metal strips and last longer (about 6 to 11 years).
  • LEDs consume less electricity and produce less heat than bulbs.
  • They come in various colors: red, green, yellow, blue, and white.
  • LEDs allow electricity to flow only in one direction.

Conductors and Insulators

  • Materials allowing electricity to pass are conductors (e.g., metals like copper).
  • Copper is used for good-quality electric wires.
  • Plastics, fiberglass, ceramics, and mica do not allow electricity to pass; they are insulators.
  • Insulators shield things from electric current and have high melting points.

Generating Electricity

  • Power plants use turbines to generate electricity.
  • Turbines can be operated by burning coal, flowing water, or nuclear energy.
  • Thermal power plants burn coal and pollute the air.
  • Hydroelectric power plants use flowing water to turn turbines.
  • Solar power plants convert solar energy into electricity using solar panels.

Transmission of Electricity

  • Electricity from power plants reaches homes and places through an electricity grid.
  • Electric cables are fixed on tall poles to keep them out of reach.
  • Cables are not insulated, and touching them can be dangerous.

Electric Circuit

  • To operate an appliance, electricity needs to flow in a closed circuit.
  • An electric circuit is a loop of conducting material, like copper wires.
  • It connects the appliance to the electric source in a specific way.

Resistor in Electric Circuit

  • A resistor controls electric current flow in a circuit.
  • LEDs need a proper resistor to avoid damage from excess current.
  • Without a resistor, the LED may fuse instantly.

Importance of Switch

  • A switch completes or breaks an electric circuit.
  • When ON, the circuit is complete, and the appliance works.
  • When OFF, the circuit breaks, and the appliance does not work.
  • Switches are used to control the flow and direction of electric current.

Conclusion

Understanding electricity is essential as it powers our daily activities and appliances. From the basics of electric cells and bulbs to advanced technologies like LEDs and power plants, this chapter provides valuable insights into the world of electricity.

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FAQs on Electricity Chapter Notes - Eureka Plus Class 6: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets

1. What is the difference between an electric cell and a battery?
Ans. An electric cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, while a battery is a collection of two or more cells connected together. The main difference is that a battery has more than one cell, which allows it to provide a higher voltage and longer-lasting power.
2. How does a light emitting diode (LED) work?
Ans. A light emitting diode (LED) works by passing an electric current through a semiconductor material, which causes the material to emit light. Unlike traditional light bulbs, LEDs do not use a filament or gas to produce light. Instead, they rely on the movement of electrons in a semiconductor to generate light.
3. What are conductors and insulators?
Ans. Conductors are materials that allow electric current to flow through them easily. They typically have a high number of free electrons that can move freely within the material. Examples of conductors include metals like copper and aluminum. Insulators, on the other hand, are materials that do not allow electric current to flow through them easily. They have a low number of free electrons and restrict the movement of electric charges. Examples of insulators include rubber, glass, and plastic.
4. How is electricity generated?
Ans. Electricity can be generated in several ways. One common method is through the use of power plants, where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. This can be done using various sources such as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, or renewable sources like solar and wind power. Other methods of generating electricity include using batteries, fuel cells, and even small-scale generators.
5. What is the importance of a switch in an electric circuit?
Ans. A switch is an essential component in an electric circuit as it allows the flow of electric current to be controlled. By opening or closing the switch, we can either complete or break the circuit, thereby controlling the flow of electricity. This is important as it enables us to turn on or off electrical devices, ensuring their efficient use and preventing unnecessary power consumption.
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