Force - Definition, Unit, Types, Formula & Applications | SSC CGL Tier 2 - Study Material, Online Tests, Previous Year PDF Download

Definition of Force

Force is described as a push or pull exerted on an object, arising from the interaction between objects. Beyond the basic push and pull, force encompasses various forms of interaction, including terms like stretch and squeeze to depict its diverse effects.

Physics Definition: In the realm of Physics, force is precisely defined as the influence capable of changing the state of rest or motion of an object with mass. It is characterized by both magnitude and direction, impacting the object's velocity. The point where force is applied is crucial, and its measurement can be accomplished using instruments like a spring balance.

Effects of Force

Force plays a pivotal role in the realm of motion. Its effects include initiating motion, halting or slowing down a moving body, accelerating the speed of a body, and changing the direction, shape, or size of a moving object. Understanding these effects is fundamental to comprehending the dynamics of forces in various scenarios.

Formula for Force

The quantitative expression of force is articulated through the formula
F = ma,
where F represents force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.
This formula, measured in Newton (N), encapsulates the fundamental relationship between mass and acceleration. Additionally, force can be expressed as the rate of change of momentum (dt / dp), offering insights into its dynamic nature.

Unit of Force

Force is quantified in different units depending on the system. In the centimeter-gram-second system (CGS unit), force is expressed in dyne, while the standard international system (SI unit) uses Newton (N) as the unit for force. Understanding these units is essential for precise measurement and communication in scientific contexts.

Types of Force

1. Contact Force:

• Muscular Force: The force generated by muscles, harnessed for various activities.
• Mechanical Force: Forces applied through direct mechanical contact, often associated with machines and structures.
• Frictional Force: The force resisting motion between surfaces in contact, playing a significant role in everyday interactions.

2. Non-Contact Force:

• Gravitational Force: The force of attraction exerted by mass, such as Earth's gravity pulling objects toward its center.
• Electrostatic Force: The force between electrically charged objects without physical contact.
• Magnetic Force: The force exerted by magnets, influencing other magnets or magnetic materials.

Understanding these types of forces provides insights into their distinct characteristics and applications.

This comprehensive understanding of force, encompassing its definition, effects, formulas, units, and types, forms the foundation for exploring the intricate dynamics of physical interactions in the universe.