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Buddhism and Jainism in the Later Vedic Period | HPSC Preparation: All subjects - HPSC (Haryana) PDF Download

Introduction

  • Life became complicated post-Mahabharata, contrasting the simplicity of the Vedic period.
  • Increased ritualistic practices led to the emergence of Buddhism and Jainism as responses to religious complexities.

Buddhism

  • Mahatma Buddha visited Haryana, particularly Kammasadhamma (modern Kaithal), where he delivered numerous discourses.
  • Haryana saw significant Buddhist centers at Hisar, Karnal, Topra, and Thanesar, established by Emperor Asoka.
  • Thanesar: Mahatma Buddha preached here, and Emperor Asoka built a 300 feet high stupa in its North-West part.
  • Topra: Emperor Asoka erected a 42 feet high stone pillar with edicts in Brahmi Script and Prakrit language.
  • Sugh: Mahatma Buddha preached, and Emperor Asoka built a stupa on the Yamuna banks.
  • Agroha: Center of Buddhism with remains of stupas and viharas discovered through archaeological excavations.
  • Rohtak and Kalanaur: Visited by Mahatma Buddha, contributing to the spread of Buddhism.

Decline and Revival:

  • Buddhism in Haryana declined during Hiuen-Tsang's time but revived in the 7th century during Harsha's reign.
  • Harshavardhana and Rajyavardhana, from the Pushyabhuti dynasty, supported Buddhism.

Jainism:

  • Jainism continued its influence in Haryana post-Buddhism, with Jain Saint Lohacharya playing a significant role.
  • Jainism expanded in Agroha and Rohtak, particularly after the decline of Buddhism in the 6th-7th century.
  • Jain Acharyas Jinvallabh Suri, Haribhadra Suri, and Abhayadev played pivotal roles in Jainism's spread.
  • Five-color flag symbolized Jainism's Mahavratas, with each color representing different virtues.
  • Rohtak, Sirsa, and other regions became major Jain centers.

Main Jain Centers in Haryana:

  • Thanesar (Kurukshetra): A primary center for Jain activities with ancient Jain idols discovered.
  • Rohtak: Emerged as a Jain center around the 7th century with ancient Jain idols found in Khokhrakot.
  • Jind: Metal statue of Jain Tirthankar Adinath discovered with 9th-century inscriptions.
  • Pinjore (Panchkula): Numerous Jain idols found, including those of Chandraprabha, Parshwanath, and Mahavir Swami.
  • Sirsa: Witnessed Jainism's influence during the 10th century, with fragmented remains of Jain idols found.
  • Hansi: A medieval center for Jainism with a significant presence of Jain arhats and metal sculptures.
  • Asthal Bohar (Rohtak): A historical center for the Nath sect, also containing important artifacts related to Jainism.
The document Buddhism and Jainism in the Later Vedic Period | HPSC Preparation: All subjects - HPSC (Haryana) is a part of the HPSC (Haryana) Course HPSC Preparation: All subjects.
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FAQs on Buddhism and Jainism in the Later Vedic Period - HPSC Preparation: All subjects - HPSC (Haryana)

1. What is the significance of Buddhism and Jainism in the Later Vedic Period?
Ans. Buddhism and Jainism played a significant role in the Later Vedic Period as they emerged as alternative religious and philosophical movements challenging the traditional Vedic practices. These religions emphasized non-violence, morality, and the pursuit of enlightenment, offering an alternative path to salvation and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
2. How did Buddhism and Jainism differ from the Vedic religion in the Later Vedic Period?
Ans. Buddhism and Jainism differed from the Vedic religion in several ways. Unlike the Vedic religion, which focused on ritualistic sacrifices and the worship of deities, Buddhism and Jainism emphasized ethical conduct, compassion, and self-discipline. They rejected the caste system and the authority of the Brahmins, promoting equality and inclusivity.
3. What were the major teachings of Buddhism and Jainism in the Later Vedic Period?
Ans. Buddhism taught the Four Noble Truths, which revolved around the suffering inherent in life and the path to liberation from suffering through the Eightfold Path. Jainism focused on the principles of non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possession. Both religions advocated for the renunciation of worldly desires and the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.
4. How did Buddhism and Jainism impact society and culture in the Later Vedic Period?
Ans. Buddhism and Jainism had a profound impact on society and culture during the Later Vedic Period. They challenged the dominance of the Brahmins and the Vedic rituals, fostering social equality and encouraging individuals to question traditional beliefs. These religions also promoted the spread of education, as their scriptures were written in vernacular languages rather than Sanskrit.
5. What led to the decline of Buddhism and Jainism in the Later Vedic Period?
Ans. Several factors contributed to the decline of Buddhism and Jainism in the Later Vedic Period. The revival of Hinduism, led by reformist movements such as Bhakti, reestablished the authority of the Brahmins and the Vedic rituals. Additionally, the rise of Islamic invasions in India led to the decline of both Buddhism and Jainism, as many of their sacred sites were destroyed or abandoned.
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