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Dysentery | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download
Dysentery
Prevalence
Bacillary dysentery is more prevalent in children compared to amebic dysentery.
Causes
- The bacteria responsible for bloody diarrhea include Shigella species (S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei), enteroinvasive and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter jejuni.
- In developing countries, S. flexneri is the most commonly reported organism, while S. dysenteriae is associated with dysentery epidemics.
Question for DysenteryTry yourself: Which bacteria are responsible for causing bloody diarrhea?View Solution
Presentation
- Symptoms include fever and diarrhea, often with the presence of mucus and blood.
- Tenesmus, characterized by ineffective defecation accompanied by straining and suprapubic discomfort, may also be observed.
Complications
- Dehydration
- Dyselectrolytemia
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Convulsions
- Toxic megacolon
- Intussusception
- Intestinal perforation
- Rectal prolapse
- Shigella encephalopathy (very rare)
Question for DysenteryTry yourself: What is the first-line antibiotic for treating shigellosis?View Solution
Management of Dysentery
- Oral Rehydration: Administer Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) for fluid and electrolyte balance.
- Dietary Continuation: Continue with the oral diet.
- Zinc Supplementation: Provide zinc supplementation.
- Antibiotics:
- Prescribe antibiotics after obtaining stool culture and sensitivity results.
- For shigellosis, the first-line antibiotic is Ciprofloxacin, and in cases of resistance, Ceftriaxone is recommended.
- Amebic dysentery is effectively treated with Tinidazole or Metronidazole.
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FAQs on Dysentery - Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC
| 1. What is dysentery? |  |
Ans. Dysentery is an infectious disease that affects the intestines, specifically the colon. It is characterized by severe diarrhea mixed with blood or mucus, abdominal pain, and fever. The infection is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, and it can spread through contaminated food or water.
| 2. What are the common symptoms of dysentery? | |
Ans. The common symptoms of dysentery include frequent passage of loose stools with blood or mucus, abdominal pain and cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration. Some individuals may also experience loss of appetite and fatigue. It is important to seek medical attention if these symptoms persist.
| 3. How is dysentery diagnosed? | |
Ans. Dysentery is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The doctor may ask about symptoms and travel history to determine the likelihood of dysentery. Stool samples are collected and tested for the presence of bacteria, viruses, or parasites. In some cases, blood tests or imaging studies may be recommended to assess the severity of the infection.
| 4. What are the treatment options for dysentery? | |
Ans. The treatment for dysentery depends on the underlying cause and severity of the infection. In most cases, antibiotic medications are prescribed to target the specific bacteria causing the infection. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor. Additionally, rehydration therapy is crucial to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for intravenous fluids and supportive care.
| 5. How can dysentery be prevented? | |
Ans. Dysentery can be prevented by practicing good hygiene and following food and water safety measures. This includes washing hands thoroughly with soap and clean water, especially before eating or preparing food, drinking safe and adequately treated water, avoiding raw or undercooked food, and maintaining proper sanitation and hygiene practices. It is also advisable to get vaccinated against specific types of dysentery, such as Shigella, if available.
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Nov 21, 2024 Last updated |
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