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Entamoeba Histolytica | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Entamoeba Histolytica - Repeats |
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| Pathogenicity |
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| Disease Spectrum |
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| Lab Diagnosis of E.histolytica (Intestinal) |
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Entamoeba Histolytica - Repeats
- Explore the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of extraintestinal amoebiasis (2012).
- Examine the pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis of amoebiasis (2013).
- Detail the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of extraintestinal amoebiasis (2016).
Entamoeba Histolytica-Life Cycle
Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity is not exhibited by all strains.
- A crucial virulence factor in pathogenic strains is the amebic cysteine protease, which plays a role in inactivating c3.
- Host factors, including stress, malnutrition, alcoholism, corticosteroid therapy, and immunodeficiency, can impact the outcome.
Question for Entamoeba HistolyticaTry yourself: Which virulence factor is crucial in pathogenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica?View Solution
Disease Spectrum
Lab Diagnosis of E.histolytica (Intestinal)
Dysentery (Amebic vs Bacillary)
Culture Methods
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FAQs on Entamoeba Histolytica - Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC
| 1. What is the pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica? |  |
Ans. Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic amoeba that causes a disease called amebiasis. It is known for its ability to invade the intestinal wall, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloody stools. In some cases, the amoeba can spread to other organs, causing more severe and potentially life-threatening complications.
| 2. What are the common diseases caused by Entamoeba histolytica? | |
Ans. Entamoeba histolytica can cause a range of diseases, including:
- Intestinal amebiasis: This is the most common form of the disease, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloody stools.
- Extraintestinal amebiasis: In some cases, the amoeba can spread from the intestines to other organs, such as the liver, lungs, or brain. This can result in more severe complications, such as liver abscesses or amebic dysentery.
- Asymptomatic carriers: Some individuals may carry the amoeba without experiencing any symptoms, but they can still spread the infection to others.
| 3. How is intestinal amebiasis diagnosed in the laboratory? | |
Ans. The laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica involves the following methods:
- Microscopic examination: Stool samples are examined under a microscope for the presence of the parasite's cysts or trophozoites. This can help in identifying the organism and confirming the diagnosis.
- Antigen detection: Various antigen detection tests, such as enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), can detect specific antigens of E. histolytica in stool samples. These tests are highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing the infection.
- Molecular techniques: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests can detect the DNA of E. histolytica in stool samples. PCR is a highly sensitive and specific method for diagnosing the infection, particularly in cases where the parasite load is low.
| 4. Is Entamoeba histolytica infection a common condition? | |
Ans. Entamoeba histolytica infection is considered a significant global health problem, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. It is estimated that around 50 million people worldwide are infected with E. histolytica, leading to approximately 100,000 deaths annually. Although the infection can occur in any part of the world, it is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.
| 5. How can Entamoeba histolytica infection be prevented? | |
Ans. Preventing Entamoeba histolytica infection involves practicing good hygiene and sanitation measures. Here are some preventive measures:
- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and clean water before eating, after using the toilet, and after changing diapers.
- Drink clean, safe water to avoid contamination.
- Avoid consuming raw or undercooked food, particularly seafood, fruits, and vegetables that may have been washed with contaminated water.
- Maintain good personal hygiene, including regular bathing and proper disposal of feces.
- Improve sanitation facilities and promote public health awareness about the importance of hygiene in preventing the spread of the infection.
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Oct 31, 2024 Last updated |
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