UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC > Carcinoma Breast
Carcinoma Breast | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Carcinoma Breast |
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| Histopathological types of Breast Carcinoma |
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| Invasive Breast Carcinoma |
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| Biopsy/FNAC |
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| Triple Assessment |
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| Breast Carcinoma - Molecular Profiling |
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Carcinoma Breast
- Varieties of breast carcinoma observed through histopathology
- Diagnostic significance of FNAC and biopsy in identifying breast cancer
- Factors contributing to the risk of breast cancer
- Classification based on molecular subtypes in breast carcinoma
Histopathological types of Breast Carcinoma
Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Question for Carcinoma BreastTry yourself: What is the diagnostic significance of FNAC and biopsy in identifying breast cancer?View Solution
Biopsy/FNAC
Triple Assessment
- When a patient exhibits a breast lump or other concerning carcinoma symptoms, a conclusive diagnosis should involve a three-pronged approach comprising clinical evaluation, radiological imaging, and the extraction of a tissue sample for cytological or histological analysis, known as the triple assessment.
- The positive predictive value (PPV) for this comprehensive evaluation should surpass 99.9%.
Breast Carcinoma - Risk Factors
Hormonal factors (with hyperestrogenemia as a risk factor)
- Commencement of menstruation at an early age
- Delayed onset of menopause
- First full-term pregnancy after the age of 35
- Nulliparity
- Obesity (postmenopausal)
Additional risk factors include higher socioeconomic status, a high-fat diet, and alcohol consumption
- Age: Incidence rises with advancing age.
- Gender: More prevalent in females.
- Personal and familial history of breast cancer
- Race and ethnicity (white women face an elevated risk compared to women of other races)
- Previous exposure to radiation
- Breast density
Genetic factors:
Mutations in tumor suppressor genes
- BRCA1
- BRCA2
- TP53
- CHEK2
Hereditary syndromes
- Li Fraumeni syndrome
- Cowden's syndrome
- Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) syndrome
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- Ataxia telangiectasia
Question for Carcinoma BreastTry yourself: What are some risk factors associated with breast carcinoma?View Solution
Breast Carcinoma - Molecular Profiling
Recent Developments
Carcinoma Breast - Repeats
- Discuss the role of FNAC and biopsy in the diagnosis of neoplasms of Breast. Briefly mention the different histopathologic types of breast carcinoma. (2010)
- Classify carcinoma of the breast and write in brief about histopathology of each type (1996).
- Discuss the histopathologic features that play a role in the prognosis of breast carcinomas (2004).
- Describe risk factors identified for breast carcinoma. Discuss molecular subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma. (2018)
The document Carcinoma Breast | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC is a part of the UPSC Course Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC.
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FAQs on Carcinoma Breast - Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC
| 1. What are the different histopathological types of breast carcinoma? |  |
Ans. The different histopathological types of breast carcinoma include ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and tubular carcinoma.
| 2. What is meant by invasive breast carcinoma? | |
Ans. Invasive breast carcinoma refers to a type of breast cancer that has spread beyond the ducts or lobules into the surrounding breast tissue. It is considered more aggressive and has a higher risk of spreading to other parts of the body.
| 3. What is the role of biopsy/FNAC in diagnosing breast carcinoma? | |
Ans. Biopsy/FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) is a procedure used to collect a sample of cells or tissues from a suspicious breast lump or area. It is then examined under a microscope to determine if it is cancerous or benign. Biopsy/FNAC plays a crucial role in diagnosing breast carcinoma and helps in determining the appropriate treatment plan.
| 4. What is triple assessment in the context of breast carcinoma? | |
Ans. Triple assessment refers to a comprehensive approach used to evaluate and diagnose breast carcinoma. It involves a combination of clinical examination, radiological imaging (such as mammography or ultrasound), and histopathological assessment (biopsy/FNAC). The triple assessment helps in obtaining accurate information about the nature and extent of the breast carcinoma.
| 5. What is molecular profiling in breast carcinoma? | |
Ans. Molecular profiling in breast carcinoma involves analyzing the genetic and molecular characteristics of the tumor cells. It helps in identifying specific genetic mutations or alterations that may be driving the growth of the cancer. Molecular profiling can provide valuable information for personalized treatment decisions and predicting the prognosis of the disease.
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Oct 31, 2024 Last updated |
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