Uttar Pradesh: Industrial Development - 1 | Course for UPPSC Preparation - UPPSC (UP) PDF Download

The state of Uttar Pradesh has witnessed rapid growth of industrialisation after economic liberalisation of 1991. Many industries have been developed in the state such as cement plants in Mirzapur, a bauxite-based aluminium plant in Banda and Sonbhadra regions, sugarcane industry and handloom industry in many regions of the state.
As per Economic Survey 2017-18, the contribution of Uttar Pradesh in Indian Economy is 24%. Uttar Pradesh is the largest industrial state in India. Kanpur region, the fertile Purvanchal lands, Noida region, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Ghaziabad, Jaunpur, Lucknow, Aligarh and Agra, etc are the major industrial cities of Uttar Pradesh. Southern region of Uttar Pradesh is known as the ‘Energy Capital’ of India.

Major Industries of Uttar Pradesh 

• Sugar industry plays a vital role in the rural economy. It is the largest agro-based industry in India. 
• Uttar Pradesh has the first place in the country in sugar production. 
• First sugar mill in state was established in 1903 in Pratappur, Deoria. 
• The major sugar industries in the state are Balrampur Chini Mills Limited, Bajaj Hindustan Limited, Dhampur Sugar Mills (Bijnor), Owarikesh Sugar Limited, etc. 
• Western part of the state has greater number of mills and Muzaffarnagar district has the highest number of sugar mills in the state.  
• Gorakhpur, Ghaziabad, Meerut, Kanpur, Shahjahanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, Faizabad, Allahabad, Basti and Bareilly are the main sugar producing districts. 
• Besides the coarse sugar, the loaf sugar (Tagar) is also prepared in the state. 
• The state ranks first in Gurh (Jaggery) production. 
• At present in Uttar Pradesh there are 44 sugar producing districts. 
• For the development of sugarcane industry, some institutions were developed in the state. These are as follows: 
  • Sugarcane Development Board was constituted in the year 1948-49. 
  • Uttar Pradesh Cooperative Sugar Factories Federation was established in 1963. 
  • Uttar Pradesh Sugar Mill Corporation Limited was established in 1971. 
  • Uttar Pradesh Sugar Peasant Institute was established in Lucknow in 1975. 

• Its name was changed to Lal Bahadur Shastri Sugar Peasant Institute.

Textile Industry 

• The state ranks third in cotton textile industry. There are about 73 cotton mills in the state. 
• Kanpur, Agra, Meerut, Bareilly, Ghaziabad, Hardoi, Hathras, Aligarh, Saharanpur, Badaun, Allahabad, Varanasi, Rampur, Moradabad, Mirzapur, Modinagar and Bhadoi are the important centres of textile industry. 
• Kanpur is also called the Manchester of the East because the district has large number of textile mills.

Woollen Textile Industry 

• Kanpur and Mirzapur are the important places of the woollen textile industry. Lal Imli mills in Kanpur was famous for woollen industry. 
• Blankets are manufactured in Muzaffarnagar, Nazibabad and Meerut. 
• In Uttar Pradesh first wollen textile industry was established in 1876 in Kanpur. 

Carpet or Dari Works Industry 

• Carpet or dari work is one of the famous textile works in the state. Bareilly, Agra, Aligarh, Etawah, Sitapur, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Mathura, etc are the main carpet manufacturing centres in the state.

Handloom Industry 

• The people of the state are more involved in the handloom industry since ancient time. The industry includes cotton cloth, hand-woven silken cloth, printing on rajai and cloth, woollen cloth and blanket, carpet chikan works and zari works. 
• Meerut, Deoband, Dhampur, Sikandrabad, Tanda, Maghar, Barabanki, Etawah, Amroha, Mau, etc are the main centres of the handwoven cloth. 
• Printing on Malmal is done at Mathura while Agra, Bareilly, Mirzapur, Aligarh are the centres of carpets. 
• Blankets are manufactured at Muzaffarnagar and Nazibabad. 
• In Varanasi, Kanpur and Gorakhpur, handloom design development and training centres are located.  
• Some schemes are implemented in the state to develop handloom industry. These are:
  • Deen Dayal Handloom Encouragement scheme was implemented from 2000-01 for handloom related basic input. 
  • Deen Dayal Handloom Marketing Encouragement scheme is implemented from 1980-90 for adequate marketing of the products. 
  • Janshree Insurance scheme is implemented from 2003-04 to benefit handloom and powerloom weavers of age between 18 to 60 years.
  • Mahatma Gandhi Weavers Insurance scheme is implemented by Government of India in association with LIC of India. Its objective is to provide extended insurance cover to handloom weavers.
  • Integrated Handloom Development scheme is implemented from 2005-06 by Government of India.  

Silk Industry 

• Varanasi, Etawah, Kanpur and Modinagar are the main centres of this industry. 
• Mostly mulberry silk is produced in the state. Apart from mulberry silk, tassar silk, eri silk and arandi silk is also produced. 
• Banarasi silk sarees of Varanasi are world famous. 
• Territorial Cooperative Sericulture Federation was constituted in 1992 in the state for development of silk production.

Major Research and Development Centre for Silk Industry

Wooden and Furniture Industry 

• This industry has been developed in different forms in the state such as wooden wares, wooden toys, wooden furniture, etc. 
• Hathras, Varanasi, Saharanpur and Bareilly are the famous centres for wooden industry. 
• Wood carving is done in Saharanpur and Nagina. Wooden toys are made in Lucknow and Varanasi. Wooden sticks are made in Bareilly. 
• Meerut and Agra are important centres for cricket bats and other playing goods, while wooden brushes are manufactured at Kanpur, Allahabad, Meerut and Agra. 

Paper Industry 

• Saharanpur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Meerut, Allahabad, Muzaffarnagar, Ghaziabad and Moradabad are the main centers of this industry. 
• Most of the mills of paper industry are located in Muzaffarnagar. 
• The first paper industry in Uttar Pradesh was established in Lucknow in 1879.

Khadi and Village Industries 

• Development of khadi has an important place in industrial development in economically backward state, Uttar Pradesh. 
• About 80% of the rural population is based on agriculture based industries. Khadi industry provides employment opportunities in rural area.
• Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) established in 1956 and Khadi and Village Industries Board (KVIB) established in 1960 in Uttar Pradesh, play an important role in promoting khadi and village industries in rural areas.  

Mineral Based Industries 
These industries include aluminium industry, glass industry, cement industry, chemical industry, etc. These are discussed below:
Aluminium Industry 

• Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh is famous for aluminium manufacturing. 
• Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Limited (HINDALCO) is located in Renukoot, Sonbhadra. It makes aluminium blocks and sheets. The factory gets bauxite from Varanasi and Banda districts. 

Glass Industry 

• Uttar Pradesh is leading producer of glass. The glass industry is one of the important industries in Uttar Pradesh. Firozabad, Naini, Saharanpur, Makhanpur, Hathras, Sasni, etc are the major glass manufacturing centres in the state.
• The bangles of Firozabad are famous throughout India. Glass utensils, chimneys, and other decoration pieces are manufactured in the state. 
• Firozabad is known as the Suhag city. 

Brass and Other Metal Industry 

• Art Metal Brassware is a major craft of Moradabad where large quantities of this metal is produced. The colour and engraving pattern of this metal brassware are very interesting. 
• Varanasi, Mirzapur, Farrukhabad, Shamli, Hapur, etc are the main centres for the brass and nickel utensils. 
• Hathras, Meerut, Mathura and Aligarh are famous cities for manufacturing of knife and scissors. 
• Brass statues and copper utensils are made at Mathura. 

Cement Industry

• It is one of the important industry of Uttar Pradesh. The factories of cement are located in Sonbhadra, Chunar and Kajrahat (Mirzapur), Dadri (Gautambudh Nagar), Raebareli, Jhansi and Jagdishpur (Amethi). 
• Uttar Pradesh ranks 9th in India in the production of cement. 

Chemical Industry 

• Under this industry hydrochloric acid, soda, amonia, bleaching powder, medicines and colors are produced. 
• Sulphuric Acid and Biosulphides centre are located in Kanpur. 
• Soda ash and Amonia chloride industry is located in Varanasi. 
• Synthetic rubber industry is located in Bareilly and Silica sand industry is located in Allahabad.

Fertilizer Industry 

• Mainly two types of fertilizers Urea and Phosphorus are manufactured in the state. 
• Urea manufacturing industries are located in Gorakhpur, Kanpur, Bareilly and Prayagraj. 
• Phosphate manufacturing industries are located in Magarwada, Kanpur and Allahabad. 

Leather Industry 

• Kanpur is the main centre of leather industry. Besides this, Agra, Lucknow, Bareilly and Meerut are the other centres where shoes, suitcase, belts, etc are manufactured. 
• Uttar Pradesh is the 2nd largest producer of leather products after Tamil Nadu. More than two lakh people are involved in leather industry. 
• Kanpur and Agra are known as towns of export excellence of leather products. 

IT Industry 

• Noida and Lucknow are the major hubs of Information Technology (IT) industry and house the headquarters of the major corporate media and financial institutions.   

Other Industries in Uttar Pradesh

Industry and their Place