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Cheat Sheet: Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase | History for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Introduction

The establishment of the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 marked a crucial milestone in India's struggle for independence. A.O. Hume played a pivotal role in organizing its first session in Bombay. The INC aimed to provide a platform for political expression, unite nationalists, and address the growing discontent among Indians. The following chronology outlines the foundation of the INC, the "safety valve" theory, the era of moderates (1885-1905), and the contributions and limitations of early nationalist leaders.

Foundation of Indian National Congress

Cheat Sheet: Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase | History for UPSC CSE

"Safety Valve" Theory

Cheat Sheet: Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase | History for UPSC CSE


Aims and Objectives of the INC

Cheat Sheet: Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase | History for UPSC CSE

Contributions of Moderate Nationalists

Cheat Sheet: Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase | History for UPSC CSE
Conclusion
The early nationalists, led by moderates, laid the foundation for India's freedom struggle. Their efforts resulted in the creation of a national awakening and a solid base for future movements. However, their failure to widen their democratic base and address the broader socio-economic issues limited their impact. The government's condemnation and the adoption of a 'divide and rule' policy reflected the challenges faced by the early nationalists. The moderate phase set the stage for a more vigorous, mass-based national movement in the years to come.

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FAQs on Cheat Sheet: Indian National Congress: Foundation and the Moderate Phase - History for UPSC CSE

1. What is the Indian National Congress and when was it founded?
Ans. The Indian National Congress is a political party in India. It was founded on December 28, 1885.
2. What is the moderate phase of the Indian National Congress?
Ans. The moderate phase of the Indian National Congress refers to the early years of the party's existence, from its foundation in 1885 until around 1905. During this phase, the Congress advocated for gradual reforms, constitutional methods, and cooperation with the British government to seek greater political rights for Indians.
3. What were the aims and objectives of the moderate phase of the Indian National Congress?
Ans. The aims and objectives of the moderate phase of the Indian National Congress were to promote the interests of Indians, to demand greater representation in the government, and to work towards achieving self-governance through peaceful means. The moderates sought to create a platform for Indians to voice their grievances and work within the framework of the British colonial system to bring about reforms.
4. What were the key leaders of the moderate phase of the Indian National Congress?
Ans. The key leaders of the moderate phase of the Indian National Congress were Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Surendranath Banerjee. These leaders played a crucial role in shaping the early policies and strategies of the Congress and advocating for the rights of Indians within the British colonial system.
5. How did the moderate phase of the Indian National Congress lay the foundation for the Indian independence movement?
Ans. The moderate phase of the Indian National Congress laid the foundation for the Indian independence movement by establishing a platform for political activism and mobilization among Indians. The moderates' demands for greater representation and self-governance planted the seeds of nationalism and inspired future generations of leaders who would eventually lead the country to independence. While the moderates' methods were peaceful and reform-oriented, their efforts paved the way for more radical and militant movements in the later phases of the independence struggle.
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