Cheat Sheet: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 | History for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Introduction

Peasant movements in colonial India were characterized by the agrarian distress, exploitation by zamindars, and the impact of British colonial policies. From the Indigo Revolt of 1859 to the Tebhaga Movement post-independence, these movements evolved in response to economic hardships, oppressive practices, and social injustices. This chronology document aims to highlight key peasant movements, their causes, and outcomes during the colonial and post-independence periods.

Early Peasant Movements (1859-1867)

The early peasant movements were localized responses to exploitative practices by planters and zamindars, marked by resistance against forced cultivation and economic hardships.

Changed Nature of Peasant Movements after 1857

Post-1857, peasants became the driving force in agrarian movements, emphasizing economic issues and specific grievances against foreign planters and indigenous elites.

Later Movements (1918-1926)

Movements during this period showcased diverse issues, from high rents and oppression to communalization and political mobilization under leaders like Vallabhbhai Patel.

Under Congress Ministries (1937-1939)

Peasant activities during Congress rule reflected regional issues and demands for agrarian reforms, with variations in response to different challenges.

Post-War Phase (1945-1950)

The Tebhaga Movement marked the post-independence phase, contributing to socio-economic improvements, land redistribution, and the end of feudal regimes.

Conclusion

Peasant movements in colonial and post-independence India were responses to economic hardships, exploitation, and social injustices. While early movements were localized and limited, later ones became more organized, reflecting diverse issues. The post-independence phase, particularly the Tebhaga Movement, played a crucial role in shaping the agrarian reforms that followed. These movements created an environment for post-independence changes, contributing to the socio-economic transformation of rural India.