Essay Previous Year Question Paper (2023) Section - B | UPSC Mains Essay Preparation PDF Download

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines

Here's a structured guideline for writing the essay on "Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines." along with a sample essay.

Introduction

• Start with a thought-provoking quote or a rhetorical question.
• Briefly explain the essence of the topic.
• Mention the importance of addressing gender-specific challenges in contemporary society.

Body

• Section on Girls:
  • Discuss various restrictions imposed on girls in society (e.g., limited access to education, career choices).
  • Include examples from Indian society, like societal expectations regarding marriage and motherhood.
  • Highlight current affairs examples where restrictions on girls have been in the news.
• Section on Boys:
  • Talk about the societal demands placed on boys (e.g., being the primary breadwinner, not showing vulnerability).
  • Discuss examples from Indian society, such as pressure to succeed in specific careers like engineering or medicine.
  • Cite recent news or studies illustrating these pressures.
• Comparative Analysis:
  • Compare how both restrictions on girls and demands on boys stem from the same patriarchal societal structures.
  • Discuss the impact of these issues on mental health and societal well-being.
• Global Perspective:
  • Briefly discuss how these issues are prevalent in other cultures and countries, showing it's a global concern.
• Government and Societal Initiatives:
  • Mention various initiatives by the government or NGOs to combat these gender-specific issues.
  • Include successful case studies or programs that have made a significant impact.

Conclusion

• Summarize the key points discussed.
• End with a powerful quote or a call to action for societal change.
• Express hope and the possibility of change through collective efforts.

Sample Essay

The following essay serves as a sample for the given topic. Students can add their own ideas and points as well.

"Freedom cannot be achieved unless the women have been emancipated from all forms of oppression." – Nelson Mandela

Introduction

In a world striving for gender equality, the dichotomy of societal norms for boys and girls remains a significant barrier. This essay delves into the parallel challenges faced by both genders - girls, burdened by societal restrictions, and boys, under the weight of relentless demands. Understanding and addressing these issues is crucial in the Indian context, where traditional norms often dictate gender roles.

Body

Girls and Societal Restrictions:

In India, a girl's life is often navigated by an unwritten rule book of societal norms. From a young age, they are taught to prioritize family and household duties over personal aspirations. A glaring example is the limited access to education for girls in rural areas, often leading to early marriages. The recent case of a young girl in Rajasthan fighting against her child marriage is a testament to these ongoing struggles. The societal expectation of conforming to a certain demeanor and lifestyle often stifles their potential, contributing to a skewed gender ratio in higher education and leadership roles.

Boys and Societal Demands:

Conversely, boys are ensnared by the demands of being the de facto providers and protectors. In Indian society, this often translates into immense pressure to excel academically and secure high-paying jobs. The tragic stories of students in coaching centers of Kota, grappling with stress and mental health issues, reflect the extreme consequences of these demands. Boys are also discouraged from expressing emotions, perpetuating a cycle of suppressed emotional intelligence and increased stress.

Comparative Analysis:

Both these disciplines, albeit different in nature, stem from the same patriarchal mindset. They limit individual freedom and contribute to a society where gender roles are rigidly defined, leading to issues like gender pay gap and domestic violence. The mental health ramifications are profound, with both genders suffering from anxiety, depression, and a lack of self-worth.

Global Perspective:

This phenomenon is not unique to India. Globally, gender-specific challenges persist, be it the fight for equal pay in the corporate sectors of the West or the struggle against educational restrictions in parts of the Middle East and Africa. This highlights the universality of the issue and the need for a global dialogue and solution.

Government and Societal Initiatives:

Efforts to break these gender molds are evident in various government initiatives. The 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' campaign in India, aimed at educating and empowering girls, is a step in the right direction. Similarly, programs focusing on mental health and emotional well-being for boys are gaining traction. NGOs and social groups play a pivotal role in driving change, offering platforms for open dialogues and support systems.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the disciplines imposed on girls and boys are distinct, they are equally harmful, stunting individual and societal growth. As Mahatma Gandhi rightly said, "To call woman the weaker sex is a libel; it is man's injustice to woman." The road to a balanced society lies in recognizing and dismantling these gender-specific barriers. It requires collective action from individuals, society, and the government. Only then can we hope to build a world where every individual, irrespective of gender, can aspire and achieve without the burden of restrictive norms and demanding expectations.

Mathematics is the music of reason

Here's a structured guideline for writing the essay on "Mathematics is the music of reason" along with a sample essay.

Introduction

• Start with a Quote/Phrase: A relevant quote about mathematics or reasoning.
• Define the Topic: Briefly explain what the topic means.
• Thesis Statement: Present your main argument or perspective on the topic.

Body

Mathematics in Everyday Life

• Simplification of complex problems
• Decision-making processes

Historical Perspective

• Contributions of Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata, Ramanujan
• Development of mathematics over centuries

Mathematics and its Relation to Music

• Mathematical patterns in musical compositions
• Rhythm, harmony, and scales in music explained by mathematics

Mathematics in Nature

• Fibonacci sequence in natural patterns
• Symmetry and patterns in nature

Mathematics in Modern Technology

• Role in advancements like AI, Machine Learning
• Space explorations and mathematical calculations

Mathematics in Indian Society

• Application in agriculture, architecture
• Traditional Indian music and mathematics

Current Affairs Examples

• Recent technological advancements or discoveries where mathematics played a key role
• Mathematical models in pandemic management

Educational Perspective

• Importance in the curriculum
• How it shapes logical reasoning and analytical skills

Conclusion

• Summarize Key Points: Reiterate the importance of mathematics.
• Future Perspective: How mathematics will continue to influence various fields.
• Concluding Quote/Phrase: End with a thought-provoking quote or phrase about mathematics.

Sample Essay

The following essay serves as a sample for the given topic. Students can add their own ideas and points as well.

"Mathematics is the music of reason" - an exploration of the harmonious relationship between logic and creativity, much like the fusion of notes in a melody.

Introduction

"Mathematics is not about numbers, equations, computations, or algorithms: it is about understanding." - William Paul Thurston. This quote aptly encapsulates our journey through the realms where mathematics harmonizes with everyday reason. The essence of this essay is to explore the multifaceted role of mathematics as a fundamental pillar in the development of human civilization and its ongoing influence in our daily lives.

Body

Mathematics in Everyday Life

Mathematics simplifies complex phenomena into understandable patterns, aiding in critical decision-making. From budgeting household expenses to predicting weather patterns, its application is ubiquitous and indispensable.

Historical Perspective

Tracing back to ancient civilizations, Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata and Ramanujan have made monumental contributions. Their works laid the foundations for various mathematical theories and concepts that are still relevant today.

Mathematics and its Relation to Music

There exists a profound connection between mathematics and music. Beethoven's compositions, for instance, exhibit a remarkable mathematical structure, while Indian classical music is deeply rooted in rhythmic patterns and scales that align with mathematical principles.

Mathematics in Nature

Nature's patterns, such as the spirals of a sunflower or the symmetry of a snowflake, are often governed by mathematical rules. The Fibonacci sequence, a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, frequently appears in biological settings, illustrating the inherent mathematical order in the natural world.

Mathematics in Modern Technology

In the realm of technology, mathematics is the backbone of innovation. The algorithms that power AI and machine learning are fundamentally mathematical. Similarly, space missions, like India's Chandrayaan and Mars Orbiter Mission, rely heavily on mathematical calculations for their success.

Mathematics in Indian Society

In India, mathematics finds its use in diverse fields like agriculture, where it helps in optimizing crop yields, and in traditional architecture, evident in the design of temples and forts. Additionally, the intricate rhythms of Indian classical music, such as in the tabla and sitar, are based on mathematical cycles.

Current Affairs Examples

Recently, mathematical models have been pivotal in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, from predicting the spread of the virus to strategizing vaccine distributions. These models have been crucial in decision-making at both national and global levels.

Educational Perspective

In education, mathematics is more than a subject; it's a tool for developing logical reasoning and analytical skills. It encourages a methodical approach to problem-solving, a skill highly valued in every professional field.

Conclusion

In conclusion, mathematics, much like a universal language, transcends cultural and linguistic barriers, playing a crucial role in various aspects of life. As Galileo Galilei once said, "Mathematics is the language with which God has written the universe." Its future applications are boundless, continuing to shape and redefine the world as we know it.

A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

Writing an effective UPSC essay on the topic "A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity" involves structuring your essay with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Below are guidelines for each section, followed by a sample essay:

Introduction

• Start with a Quote or Phrase: Begin with a relevant quote or phrase to set the tone.
• Define Key Terms: Explain the meaning of 'justice' and 'charity' in the context of society.
• Thesis Statement: Present your central argument or perspective on the topic.

Body

• Justice in Society:
  • Explain the role of justice in ensuring fairness and equality.
  • Discuss how effective justice systems reduce the need for charity.
  • Provide examples from Indian society or global contexts where justice has led to societal improvement.
• Role of Charity:
  • Discuss the role of charity in society.
  • Explain situations where charity is essential despite a just society.
• Interrelation Between Justice and Charity:
  • Analyze how justice and charity are interconnected.
  • Discuss the balance between the two in an ideal society.
• Current Affairs and Examples:
  • Incorporate recent examples from Indian or global contexts.
  • Use current affairs to highlight the practical application of these concepts.

Conclusion

• Summarize Key Points: Briefly recapitulate the main arguments.
• Future Perspective: Provide a forward-looking statement or question.
• Concluding Quote or Phrase: End with a powerful quote or phrase that resonates with the essay’s theme.

Sample Essay

The following essay serves as a sample for the given topic. Students can add their own ideas and points as well.

Title: The Harmony of Justice and Charity: Towards a Balanced Society

“Justice will not be served until those who are unaffected are as outraged as those who are.” - Benjamin Franklin

Introduction

In the realm of societal development, justice and charity emerge as twin pillars holding up the structure of a civilized community. Justice, in its essence, is the fair and equitable treatment of individuals, ensuring rights and obligations are met without prejudice. Charity, on the other hand, is the voluntary act of helping those in need. This essay explores the intricate relationship between these concepts, arguing that a society thriving in justice inherently diminishes the necessity for charity.

Justice in Society

Justice forms the backbone of any progressive society. It is not merely the absence of discrimination, but the active presence of equality and fairness. In India, for instance, the recent amendments in laws related to dowry and domestic violence reflect a societal shift towards greater justice for women. Similarly, globally, movements like Black Lives Matter highlight the universal yearning for an equitable society. When justice prevails, it reduces disparities, ensuring that fewer individuals are left in situations where they require charity. The Nordic countries, known for their high levels of social justice, witness significantly lower levels of poverty and hence, a reduced dependency on charitable acts.

Role of Charity

Despite the ideal of a just society, charity remains an indispensable part of human compassion and solidarity. In times of unforeseen disasters, like the COVID-19 pandemic, charitable actions complement governmental efforts in providing relief and support to the affected. In India, the role of NGOs and individual philanthropy during the 2021 second wave of the pandemic underlined the undiminishable value of charity.

Interrelation Between Justice and Charity

Charity and justice, while distinct, are not mutually exclusive. A society leaning too heavily on charity risks masking systemic injustices, perpetuating a cycle of dependency and inequality. Conversely, an overly rigid justice system, devoid of compassion, fails to address the immediate needs of those in crisis. The ideal lies in a harmonious balance where justice minimizes the need for charity, but charity steps in as a compassionate response to immediate human suffering. The recent farmers’ protest in India is a poignant example. While the protest called for more just agricultural policies, charitable acts from various sections of society provided immediate relief to the protesting farmers.

Current Affairs and Examples

In recent years, the world has witnessed numerous instances where the balance of justice and charity has been pivotal. The Indian government's initiative to provide free COVID-19 vaccinations is a testament to institutional justice in healthcare. Meanwhile, the widespread charitable acts, from distributing free meals to providing financial aid, demonstrated humanity’s innate tendency to help. Globally, the rise in social enterprises and responsible investing trends indicates a shift towards integrating justice in economic activities, reducing the sole reliance on charity.

Conclusion

As we navigate through the complexities of modern society, it becomes evident that the pursuit of justice and the spirit of charity are not opposing paths but complementary journeys towards a harmonious society. The vision for the future should be a world where justice ensures that charity is not a necessity but a choice - a choice stemming from compassion, not obligation.

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Writing an essay for the UPSC exam on the topic "Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school" involves exploring the deeper meaning of education beyond the confines of structured academic learning. Here are the guidelines for structuring the essay:

Introduction

• Quote or Phrase: Start with a relevant quote about education, e.g., by a famous educator or philosopher.
• Definition and Context: Briefly define what is generally understood by 'education' and 'school learning'.
• Thesis Statement: State your perspective on the topic, emphasizing the lasting impact of education.

Body

• Section 1: The Limitations of School Learning
  • Examples of Rote Learning: Discuss how rote learning in schools often leads to temporary knowledge.
  • Contrast with Real-World Skills: Highlight the difference between school learning and skills needed in real life.
• Section 2: The Essence of True Education
  • Broader Definition: Explain how true education encompasses values, critical thinking, and adaptability.
  • Role of Experience: Discuss how experiences outside school contribute to education.
• Section 3: Education in Indian Society
  • Indian Education System: Touch upon the Indian education system's focus and its shortcomings.
  • Societal Impact: How education shapes societal norms and individual character in the Indian context.
• Section 4: Current Affairs and Global Perspective
  • Recent Education Reforms: Mention recent reforms in education globally and in India (e.g., New Education Policy in India).
  • Impact of Technology: Discuss the role of technology in reshaping education (e.g., online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic).

Conclusion

• Summarization: Recapitulate the main points about the enduring value of true education.
• Future Perspective: Share thoughts on how education can evolve to be more effective.
• Concluding Quote: End with an inspiring quote on education.

Sample Essay

The following essay serves as a sample for the given topic. Students can add their own ideas and points as well.

"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world." – Nelson Mandela

Education, often confined within the walls of schools and textbooks, is widely believed to be a synonym for academic learning. However, the essence of education extends far beyond the curriculum taught in classrooms. It is what remains ingrained in an individual after the specifics of school lessons have faded away.

The limitations of school learning become apparent when we consider the system of rote learning prevalent in many educational institutions, especially in a country like India. This method emphasizes memorization over understanding, leaving students with a fleeting grasp of knowledge. For instance, a student may memorize a mathematical formula without understanding its practical application, a knowledge that is quickly forgotten after exams.

In contrast, true education encompasses a broader spectrum. It includes the development of values, ethics, critical thinking, and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances. This form of education is not confined to the boundaries of schools but is a lifelong process acquired through various experiences. The story of Malala Yousafzai, advocating for girls' education despite immense challenges, is a testament to the power of education that transcends traditional learning.

The Indian education system, with its recent introduction of the New Education Policy (NEP), reflects a shift towards a more holistic understanding of education. The NEP aims to move away from rote learning, emphasizing instead on critical thinking and creativity. This shift is crucial in a society where education often dictates one’s social and economic standing.

Education in Indian society has been a tool for social change, shaping societal norms and individual character. It has played a crucial role in breaking down caste barriers and promoting gender equality, albeit gradually. The story of Savitribai Phule, the first female teacher of the first women's school in India, showcases how education can be a catalyst for societal transformation.

The global perspective on education has been significantly influenced by current affairs. The COVID-19 pandemic, for example, has revolutionized the educational landscape, introducing the world to the potential of online learning. This shift has underscored the importance of adaptability and continuous learning, attributes that form the core of true education.

The impact of technology on education cannot be overstated. In India, initiatives like the 'Digital India' campaign have made education more accessible, demonstrating that learning is not confined to physical classrooms. The use of educational apps and online platforms has made quality education reachable even in remote areas, thus democratizing the learning process.

In conclusion, education is indeed a lifelong journey that extends beyond the conventional framework of school learning. It encompasses a wide array of experiences and values that shape an individual’s character and perspective. As we look towards the future, it is imperative to foster an educational system that values understanding over memorization, practical application over theoretical knowledge, and continuous learning over static curriculums.

In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, "Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever." This timeless piece of wisdom encapsulates the enduring nature of true education - a journey that continues long after the school bell has rung its last chime.