Practice Questions with Solutions: Profit & Loss | Mathematics for Class 5 PDF Download

Q1: An article is purchased for Rs. 450 and sold for Rs. 500. Find the gain percent.
Ans:
Gain = SP – CP = 500 – 450 = 50.
Gain% = (50/450)*100 = 100/9 %

Q2: A man sold a fan for Rs. 465. Find the cost price if he incurred a loss of 7%.
Ans:
CP = [100 / (100 – Loss %)] * SP
Therefore, the cost price of the fan = (100/93)*465 = Rs. 500

Q3: In a transaction, the profit percentage is 80% of the cost. If the cost further increases by 20% but the selling price remains the same, how much is the decrease in profit percentage?
Ans:
Let us assume CP = Rs. 100.
Then Profit = Rs. 80 and selling price = Rs. 180.
The cost increases by 20% → New CP = Rs. 120, SP = Rs. 180.
Profit % = 60/120 * 100 = 50%.
Therefore, Profit decreases by 30%.

 Q4: A man bought some toys at the rate of 10 for Rs. 40 and sold them at 8 for Rs. 35. Find his gain or loss percent.
Ans:
Cost price of 10 toys = Rs. 40 → CP of 1 toy = Rs. 4.
Selling price of 8 toys = Rs. 35 → SP of 1 toy = Rs. 35/8
Therefore, Gain = 35/8 – 4 = 3/8.
Gain percent = (3/8)/4 * 100 = 9.375%

Q5: The cost price of 10 pens is the same as the selling price of n pens. If there is a loss of 40%, approximately what is the value of n?
Ans:
Let the price of each pen be Re. 1.
Then the cost price of n pens is Rs. n and the selling price of n pens is Rs. 10.
Loss = n-10.
Loss of 40% → (loss/CP)*100 = 40
Therefore, [(n-10)/n]*100 = 40 → n = 17 (approx)

Q6: A dishonest merchant sells his grocery using weights 15% less than the true weights and makes a profit of 20%. Find his total gain percentage.
Ans:

Let us consider 1 kg of grocery bag. Its actual weight is 85% of 1000 gm = 850 gm.
Let the cost price of each gram be Re. 1. Then the CP of each bag = Rs. 850.
SP of 1 kg of bag = 120% of the true CP
Therefore, SP = 120/100 * 1000 = Rs. 1200
Gain = 1200 – 850 = 350
Hence Gain % = 350/850 * 100 = 41.17%

Q 7: A man bought two bicycles for Rs. 2500 each. If he sells one at a profit of 5%, then how much should he sell the other so that he makes a profit of 20% on the whole?
Ans:
Before we start, it’s important to note here that it is not 15% to be added to 5% to make it a total of 20%.
Let the other profit percent be x.

Then, our equation looks like this.
105/100 * 2500 + [(100+x)/100] * 2500 = 120/100 * 5000 → x= 35.
Hence, if he makes a profit of 35% on the second, it comes to a total of 20% profit on the whole.

Q8: A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% on the marked price and still gains 17% on the whole. Find at what percent above the cost price did he mark his goods.
Ans:
Let the cost price be 100. Then SP = 117.
Let the marked price be x.
So, 90% of x = 117 → x = 130.
Therefore, he marked his goods 30% above the cost price.

Q 9: A shopkeeper offers a discount of 20% on the selling price. On a special sale day, he offers an extra 25% off coupon after the first discount. If the article was sold for Rs. 3600, find

1. The marked price of the article and
2. The cost price if the shopkeeper still makes a profit of 80% on the whole after all discounts are applied.

Ans:
Let the marked price of the article be x.
First a 20% discount was offered, on which another 25% discount was offered.
So, 75% of 80% of x = 3600
75/100 * 80/100 * x = 3600 → x = 6000.
So the article was marked at Rs. 6000.
Cost price of the article = [100/(100+80)]*3600 = Rs. 2000.

Q10: A person buys 60 oranges at the rate of  Rs. 21 per dozen and sells them at the rate of   Rs.24 per dozen.
Ans: CP of 1 dozen oranges =  21
CP of 60 oranges or 5 dozen oranges=  21 x  5 =  105      [ since 1 dozen = 12]
SP of 1 dozen oranges = 24
SP of 5 dozen oranges =  24 x 5 =  120
∴ Profit = SP – CP = 120 – 105 = Rs.15