Table of contents | |
Introduction | |
Punctuation | |
Basic Grammar Rules | |
Expression |
Punctuation marks are signs such as periods, commas and question marks.
Here are some of the main skills needed to master grammar at second-grade level:
Let’s take a look at some of these concepts in detail.
1. Collective Nouns
A collective noun is a word that names a group of people, animals, or things.
Example
2. Plural Nouns
Most nouns can be singular or plural. A singular noun is just one, a plural noun is more than one.
Singular noun: apple
Plural noun: apples
Usually, to make a singular noun plural, we add the letter "s" or the letters "es".
Nouns that can't be made plural by adding "s" or "es" are called irregular plural nouns. Irregular plural nouns need to be learned as they do not always follow a pattern.
Here are some common examples:
3. Reflexive Pronouns
Pronouns are words that replace nouns to avoid repetition in a sentence. Some of the most commonly used pronouns are she, her, hers, he, him, and his.
Reflexive pronouns are used to refer back to the subject of a sentence.
These are all reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4. Past Tense Irregular Verbs
Verbs tell us the action that is happening in a sentence. When we want to show that an action happened in the past, we add the letters -ed to regular verbs.
Examples
Irregular verbs don’t follow the pattern of adding -ed when we want to show an action happened in the past. Past tense irregular verbs have a different spelling.
Examples
5. Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs are both types of describing words, but they describe different things.
Adjectives describe nouns (naming words).
Examples:
Adverbs describe verbs (action words).
Examples
1. When your tap is not working
Mrs. Paula: The tap is leaking.
Mr. Paul: I think we should call a plumber immediately.
2. When you meet someone on road
Mohan: Hello, Ram. It has been a long time since we met. How are you?
Ram: I am fine, how are you?
3. A visit to a doctor
Patient: Good morning, doctor.!
Doctor: Good morning, what's wrong with you?
Patient: I've been suffering from fever since yesterday.
4. At a Hotel Reception
Receptionist: Sir, May I help you.
Customer: Yes, I want a room which is pool facing.
5. A telephonic conversation
Hello, who’s calling?
Hello I am Ryan. May I speak to Paul?
Ira: My room is a mess. Sharon: ________.
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1. What are some common punctuation marks used in English writing? |
2. How can I improve my basic grammar skills? |
3. What is the difference between spoken and written expression? |
4. How can I prepare for an exam on spoken and written expression? |
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