"A disease is a state wherein the regular function of cells, tissues, and organs is impaired. Typically, diseases are identified by their observable signs and symptoms, representing a departure from normal health. Broadly speaking, a disease can be described as any harmful deviation from the usual functioning of an organism. Symptoms of a disease can range from mild to severe, depending on the specific condition, making it essential to understand what constitutes normal function in order to recognize disease. Diseases typically have multiple causative factors rather than a singular origin. Symptoms, such as headaches, coughing, cold symptoms, or weakness, often manifest shortly after the onset of a disease, although the timing can vary depending on its severity."
Diseases can be of two types
1. Infectious Diseases: Diseases that spread from one person to another are called communicable diseases. They are usually caused by microorganisms called pathogens (fungi, rickettsia, bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and worms). When an infected person discharges bodily fluids, pathogens may exit the host and infect a new person (sneezing, coughing etc). Examples include Cholera, chickenpox, malaria etc.
2. Non-infectious Diseases: These diseases are caused by pathogens, but other factors such as age, nutritional deficiency, gender of an individual, and lifestyle also influence the disease. Examples include hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. They do not spread to others and they restrain within a person who has contracted them. Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, cataract and heart diseases are other non-infectious diseases.
Based on these above classifications, a disease may fall into any number of these classifications.
It is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland by blocking the oesophagus or other organs of the chest and neck. This causes difficulty in breathing and eating.
We have seen the classification of different entities based on various characteristics, for simplification, we classify organisms to group them together and study about them as a class. Similarly, diseases are caused by different microorganisms and can be classified as diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses etc. Some diseases are also caused by multicellular organisms such as worms.
Listed below are a few diseases and the disease-causing agents
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