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Introduction

Binomial Nomenclature, a formal system extensively employed for naming species, comprises two names, typically of Latin origin, though they may also be derived from other languages. These dual names, alternatively known as binomial names or scientific names, serve to uniquely identify each species.
The generic name, or the first component of the binomial nomenclature, denotes the genus to which an organism is categorized. The second component, or the specific name, specifies the precise species within that genus. Moreover, specific rules govern binomial nomenclature, such as capitalizing the generic name and italicizing the entire binomial name while leaving the specific name lowercase. This system can be elucidated with an example:
Scientific Names of Animals and Plants | General Test Preparation for CUET - CUET Commerce

Scientific Names of Animals

Listed below are the scientific names of a few common animals.

Common Animals Names with Their Scientific Names

Ant

Formicidae

Arabian camel

Camelus dromedarius

African elephant

Loxodonta

Albatross

Diomedeidae

Alpaca

Vicugna pacos

Asian Elephant

Elephas maximus

Bat

Chiroptera

Bird

Aves

Brown Tree Snake

Boiga irregularis

Gaur

Bos gaurus

Goat

Capra aegagrus hircus

Bear

Ursidae

Polar bear

Ursus maritimus

Sun bear

Helarctos malayanus

Blackbuck

Antilope cervicapra

Black rat

Rattus rattus

Buffalo

Bubalus bubalis

Bulbul

Pycnonotidae

Butterfly

Rhopalocera

Cat

Felis catus

Cheetah

Acinonyx jubatus

Chinkara

Gazella bennettii

Cobra

Naja

Cockroach

Blattodea

Common Myna

Acridotheres tristis

Cow

Bos taurus

Crocodile

Crocodylus palustris

Deer

Cervidae

Dog

Canis lupus familiaris

Dolphin

Cetacea

Eagle

Accipitridae

Elephant

Elephantidae

fish

Vertebrata

Red fox

Vulpes vulpes

Gavial or Gharial

Gavialis gangeticus

Giraffe

Giraffa camelopardalis

Great horned owl

Bubo virginianus

Hen

Gallus gallus domesticus

Hippopotamus

Hippopotamus amphibius

Horse

Equus caballus

House crow

Corvus splendens

Housefly

Musca domestica

House mouse

Mus musculus

House sparrow

Passer domesticus

House wall Lizard

Hemidactylus flaviviridis

Indian Cobra

Naja naja

parrot

Psittaciformes

Indian Python

Python molurus

Kashmir stag or hangul

Cervus canadensis hanglu

King cobra

Ophiophagus hannah

Koel

Eudynamys scolopaceus

Leopard or panther

Panthera pardus

Monkey

Simiiformes (infraorder)

Mosquito

Culicidae

Lion

Panthera leo

Lizard

Squamata

Nilgai

Boselaphus tragocamelus

Peacock

Pavo cristatus

Pig

Sus

Prawn

Dendrobranchiata

Rabbit

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Rat

Rodentia

Rat snake

Ptyas mucosa

Rattle snake

Crotalinae

Rhesus monkey

Macaca mulatta

Rhinoceros

Rhinoceros unicornis

Sea snake

Hydrophiinae

Sheep

Ovis aries

Siberian crane

Grus leucogeranus

Snakehead

Channidae

Sparrow

Passer domesticus

Spider

Araneae

Starfish

Asteroidea

Tiger

Panthera tigris

Tiger Snake

Notechis scutatus

Wild Ass

Equus africanus asinus

Wild boar

Sus scrofa

Wolf

Canis lupus

Zebra

Equus quagga

Earthworm

Lumbricus

Grasshopper

Caelifera

Honey Bee

Apis

Pigeon

Columba livia

snake

Serpentes

Scientific Names of Plants

Listed below are the scientific names of a few common plants.

Common Plant Names with Their Scientific Names

Apple

Malus domestica

Bamboo

Bamboosa aridinarifolia

Banana

Musa paradisiaca

Banyan

Ficus benghalensis

Black Gram

Plasoes mungo

Black Pepper

Piper nigrum

Brinjal

Solanum melongena

Capsicum

Capsicum frutescens

Carrot

Daucas carota

Clove

Syzygium aromaticum

Coriander

Coriandrum sativum

Cotton

Gossypium herbaceum

Cucumber

Cucumis sativus

Curry plant

Murraya koenigii

Drumstick

Moringa oleifera

Garlic

Allium sativum

Ginger

Zingiber officinale

Green Gram

Phaseolies aulicus

Guava

Psidium guajava

Henna

Lawsonia inermis

Horse Gram

Dolichos biffoeus

Jowar

Sorghum vulgare

Lemon

Citrus limonium

Lettuce

Lactuca sativa

Maize

Zea mays

Mango

Mangifera indica

Mint

Mentha arvensis

Money Plant

Epipremnum aureum

Neem

Azadirachta indica

Onion

Allium cepa

Orange

Citrus aurantium

Pineapple

Ananas comosus

Potato

Solanum tuberosum

Radish

Raphanus sativus

Red Gram

Cajanus cajan

Sandalwood

Santalum album

Spinach

Spinacia oleracea

Tobacco

Nicotina tobaccum

Tomato

Solanum lycopersicum

Tulsi

Ocimum sanctum

Turmeric

Curcuma longa

Watermelon

Citrullus vulgaris

Wheat

Triticum aestivum

Scientific Names of Extinct Organisms

Listed are a few of the most popular and well-known extinct organisms along with their scientific names.

Famous Extinct Organisms with Their Scientific Names

Passenger pigeon

Ectopistes migratorius

Tasmanian tiger

Thylacinus cynocephalus

Moa

Dinornithiformes

T-Rex

Tyrannosaurus rex

Great auk

Pinguinus impennis

Megalodon

Carcharocles megalodon

Uses of Scientific Names

Scientific names or Binomial Nomenclature is a scientific process wherein entities such as plants, animals, and living entities are named and they are derived from Latin. It has many advantages such as:

  • Classification and organisation: Entities are comprehensively organised which makes understanding and studying characteristics of particular entities easy and organized
  • Precision and clarity: The names that are given are unique wherein each is given one scientific name, hence avoiding confusion
  • The scientific names are universally recognized and standardized
  • Even if species are transferred to another genus on the basis of new knowledge, the names are retained
  • It helps understand the similarities and differences between various species that belong to the same genera that are helpful in building an association between the two.
The document Scientific Names of Animals and Plants | General Test Preparation for CUET - CUET Commerce is a part of the CUET Commerce Course General Test Preparation for CUET.
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FAQs on Scientific Names of Animals and Plants - General Test Preparation for CUET - CUET Commerce

1. What is the importance of using scientific names for animals and plants?
Ans. Scientific names provide a standardized way to identify and communicate about different species of animals and plants across different languages and regions. They help avoid confusion caused by common names, which can vary widely.
2. How are scientific names of animals and plants determined?
Ans. Scientific names are typically determined based on the principles of taxonomy, which involves classifying organisms into hierarchical categories based on their characteristics. The names are often derived from Latin or Greek words that describe certain features of the organism.
3. Can scientific names of animals and plants change over time?
Ans. Yes, scientific names can change as new research leads to a better understanding of the relationships between different species. Taxonomists may revise the classification of organisms, leading to changes in their scientific names.
4. Are scientific names of extinct organisms still relevant?
Ans. Yes, scientific names of extinct organisms are still used to classify and study these species. They help researchers understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth and provide valuable insights into past ecosystems.
5. How can I find the scientific name of a specific animal or plant species?
Ans. You can use online databases, field guides, or consult with experts in the field of biology to find the scientific name of a specific animal or plant species. These resources can help you accurately identify and learn more about the organism in question.
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