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Textbook Solutions: Understanding the Earth | Footprints Class 7: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

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Q1.
Ans: (a)

Q2.
Ans: (c)

Q3.
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Q4.
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Q5.
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Q6.
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Q7.
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Answer in one sentence

Q1.
Ans: The core is also called nife because it is mainly made up of nickel (ni) and iron (fe).

Q2.
Ans: Igneous rocks are also known as primary rocks because they were the first to be formed.

Q3.
Ans: Intrusive igneous rocks are usually coarse-grained because they cool slowly below the Earth's surface, allowing larger crystals to form.

Q4.
Ans: Metamorphic rocks are often banded or layered due to the intense heat and pressure they experience during formation.

Q5.
Ans: Metamorphic rocks belong to the secondary group of rocks because they are formed from existing igneous and sedimentary rocks.

Answer in brief

Q1.
Ans: The three layers of the Earth are the crust (outermost layer), mantle (located beneath the crust), and core (innermost layer).

Q2.
Ans: Rocks are natural masses of mineral matter in the Earth's crust.

Q3.
Ans: The three groups of rocks are igneous (formed from cooling and solidifying lava or magma), sedimentary (formed from the accumulation and compression of sediments), and metamorphic (formed from existing rocks undergoing intense heat and pressure).

Q4.
Ans: Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of hot lava and magma.

Q5.
Ans: Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compression of sediments over time.

Answer in detail

Q1.
Ans: The sial layer is the upper continental crust, thicker (up to 50 km), and composed of lighter rocks rich in silica and alumina. The sima layer is the lower oceanic crust, thinner (a few meters to 10 km), and composed of rocks rich in silica and magnesium.

Q2.
Ans: The barysphere is the innermost layer of the Earth, mainly made up of heavy metals nickel and iron, giving the Earth its magnetic field. It is about 3,500 km thick and has extremely high pressure and temperature.

Q3.
Ans: Extrusive rocks form from lava that cools rapidly on the Earth's surface, resulting in fine-grained rocks like basalt and pumice. Intrusive rocks form from magma that cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface, resulting in coarse-grained rocks like granite and dolerite.

Q4.
Ans: The rock cycle describes how rocks are continuously formed, broken down, and reformed over time. It involves processes like heating, melting, erosion, deposition, and chemical action, powered by the energy of the Sun.

Q5.
Ans: Rocks and minerals are used as building materials, sources of power (fossil fuels), for agricultural purposes (soil formation), in industries (ores for metals), and for providing insights into past life through fossils.

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FAQs on Textbook Solutions: Understanding the Earth - Footprints Class 7: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets

1. What are the major components of the Earth's atmosphere?
Ans. The major components of the Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and trace amounts of other gases.
2. How does the greenhouse effect work?
Ans. The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to an increase in temperature.
3. What is the role of the ozone layer in protecting the Earth?
Ans. The ozone layer acts as a shield, absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun and protecting life on Earth.
4. How do tectonic plates contribute to the formation of mountains and volcanoes?
Ans. Tectonic plates interact with each other, leading to the formation of mountains through collision and volcanoes through subduction.
5. How do scientists study the Earth's interior?
Ans. Scientists use seismic waves from earthquakes to study the Earth's interior, including its composition and structure.
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