Difference Between AC & DC | Physics for EmSAT Achieve PDF Download

What is an Alternating Current (AC)?

In alternating current (AC), the flow of electric charge reverses direction periodically. AC is widely utilized and favored for powering household appliances, offices, and buildings. Its initial experimentation was grounded in Michael Faraday's principles in 1832 through the utilization of a Dynamo Electric Generator.
AC is characterized by a waveform known as a sine wave, depicted as a curved line, representing electric cycles measured per second, denoted in Hertz (Hz). AC finds extensive application in power generation and distribution due to its ease of generation and transmission over long distances. It is proficient in driving electric motors found in appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines.

What is Direct Current (DC)?

In contrast to alternating current, direct current maintains a constant flow in one direction without periodic changes. This steady voltage enables the consistent movement of electricity. Direct current (DC) serves primarily to power electrical devices and recharge batteries, including those found in mobile phones, flashlights, flat-screen televisions, and electric vehicles. DC is typically represented by a combination of positive and negative signs, a dotted line, or a straight line.
Devices relying on batteries, AC adapters for wall sockets, or USB cables for power operation are all dependent on DC. For instance, cellphones, electric vehicles, flashlights, and flat-screen TVs (where AC is initially supplied and then converted into DC) fall under this category.

Difference between AC and DC

The major differences between Alternating Current and Direct Current are given in the table below: