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Chemical Reaction Catalysis | Chemistry for EmSAT Achieve PDF Download
- Chemistry
- Chemical Kinetics
- Catalysis
What is Catalysis?
- Activation Energy in Reactions:
All reactions require reactants to surpass a specific energy threshold called activation energy to produce products. This energy disparity lies between the transition state and the reactant molecules. While some reactants possess adequate kinetic energy to surmount this barrier, others do not.
- Role of Catalysts:
Not all reactions occur at the same pace under normal circumstances due to varying activation energy requirements. To expedite these reactions, certain substances, known as catalysts, are introduced. Catalysts diminish the essential activation energy for the transformation of reactants into products, a process termed catalysis.
- Catalysis Mechanism:
Catalysis involves enhancing the reaction rate through the utilization of a catalyst. These substances accelerate reactions without undergoing any chemical alterations themselves. Essentially, catalysts reduce the energy barrier necessary for the conversion of reactants into products.
Types of Catalysis
- Types of catalysis
- Mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis of chemical reactions
Types of Catalysis
Catalysis of chemical reactions can be broadly categorized into two main types:
- Homogeneous Catalysis: This type involves both the reactants and the catalyst existing in the same phase. An example of this is the hydrolysis of sugar in the presence of sulfuric acid.
- Heterogeneous Catalysis: In this type, the reactants and the catalyst are in different phases. For instance, the reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of finely divided iron to produce ammonia.
Mechanism of Heterogeneous Catalysis of Chemical Reactions
Understanding the mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis involves a five-step process according to the modern theory of adsorption:
- Adsorption of reactants on the catalyst surface
- Chemical reaction between the adsorbed reactants
- Desorption of products from the catalyst surface
- Regeneration of the catalyst surface
- Repeating the cycle for further reactions
This mechanism illustrates how catalysts facilitate chemical reactions by providing an active surface for reactants to interact, leading to the formation of products.
Catalysis in Chemistry
- Introduction and diffusion of reactant molecules on the catalytic surface.
- Adsorption of molecules of reactants on the catalytic surface.
- Formation of intermediate on a catalytic surface by a chemical reaction between the reactant molecules.
- Desorption of product molecules from the catalytic surface.
- Diffusion of product molecules away from the catalytic surface to form final products.
Wilkinson's Catalyst is a notable example in catalysis.
For a comprehensive discussion on the catalysis of chemical reactions, refer to EduRev.
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