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Displayed Formulae

  • Organic Chemistry involves examining the arrangement, properties, and reactions of carbon-based compounds.
  • Carbon-containing compounds are categorized as organic compounds.
  • Substances like metal carbonates, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide are not classified as organic compounds.
  • Many structures you draw in organic chemistry are hydrocarbons, compounds made of hydrogen and carbon.
  • Hydrocarbons exclusively consist of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
  • Organic compounds can be depicted in various forms, such as Displayed Formulae, General Formulae, and Structural Formulae.
  • The displayed formula illustrates the spatial arrangement of atoms and bonds within a molecule.
  • For example:
    Formulas and Functional Groups | Chemistry for GCSE/IGCSE - Class 10
  • The displayed formula provides vital information about the compound:
    • It has 5 carbon atoms
    • It has 12 hydrogen atoms
    • It consists of only single bonds

Question for Formulas and Functional Groups
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Which type of formula provides information about the spatial arrangement of atoms and bonds within a molecule?
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Structural Formulae

  • In structural formulae, the emphasis is on providing enough information for clarity while omitting most covalent bonds.
  • Important bonds like double and triple bonds are always depicted.
  • Identical groups are often grouped together within brackets for simplification.
  • Side groups are represented using brackets.
  • Straight chain alkanes are typically illustrated in a specific format.
    Formulas and Functional Groups | Chemistry for GCSE/IGCSE - Class 10

Structural Isomers

  • Structural isomers possess the same molecular formula but differ in their structural arrangements.
  • The molecular formula indicates the precise number of atoms for each element in a compound.
  • Compounds sharing the same molecular formula can exhibit distinct structural formulae due to varying spatial atom arrangements.
  • Below are two instances highlighting structural isomerism:
    Formulas and Functional Groups | Chemistry for GCSE/IGCSE - Class 10Formulas and Functional Groups | Chemistry for GCSE/IGCSE - Class 10
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FAQs on Formulas and Functional Groups - Chemistry for GCSE/IGCSE - Class 10

1. What are displayed formulae in organic chemistry?
Ans. Displayed formulae in organic chemistry show all the atoms and bonds in a molecule, with each atom shown individually along with its bonding arrangement.
2. How are structural formulae different from general formulae in organic chemistry?
Ans. Structural formulae in organic chemistry show the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule, while general formulae represent a class of compounds by a specific formula without showing the arrangement of atoms.
3. What is structural isomerism in organic compounds?
Ans. Structural isomerism in organic compounds refers to compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms, leading to different chemical properties.
4. How many structural isomers are possible for C4H10?
Ans. There are two structural isomers possible for C4H10, which are butane and isobutane.
5. Can you explain the concept of functional groups in organic compounds?
Ans. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within a molecule that determine the chemical properties and reactions of the compound. They are responsible for the characteristic reactions and properties of organic compounds.
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