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Classification Using the Public & Private Sector | Business Studies for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download

Differences between the Public and Private Sector

 Public and Private Sector Firms 

  • Public sector firms are owned and controlled by the Government
  • Private sector firms are owned and controlled by other firms and private individuals (entrepreneurs and shareholders)
  • Privatisation occurs when government-owned firms are sold to the private sector
  • Many government owned firms have been partially privatised. The government retains a share in them so they can influence decision-making and receive a share of the profits. For example, the shares of Singapore Airlines are 55% government-owned and 45% privately owned.

The Characteristics of Public and Private Sector Firms

Classification Using the Public & Private Sector | Business Studies for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

Reasons Why Public Firms Exist

  • Public firms are entities owned by the government, commonly known as state-owned enterprises (SOEs) or government corporations. They are established to guarantee the provision of public services, safeguard strategic industries and national security, generate employment opportunities, and foster economic progress.

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Public Service Provision

  • Government-owned enterprises are commonly formed to deliver vital public services like transportation, healthcare, education, and utilities.
  • Their primary objective is to guarantee public access to essential services, with operations potentially emphasizing social welfare rather than maximizing profits.

Strategic Industries and National Security

  • The government's ownership in strategic industries (defense, energy, telecommunications, natural resources) ensures control over vital sectors.
  • This control is essential for national security, economic stability, and long-term development.
  • Market regulation and competition control are crucial aspects governed by government ownership in strategic sectors.

Employment and Economic Development

  • Government-owned enterprises can contribute significantly to fostering employment opportunities and promoting economic growth. 
  • By investing in and managing businesses, governments have the potential to invigorate economic activities, generate job opportunities, and bolster industries that play a pivotal role in enhancing the overall prosperity and stability of the economy.
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FAQs on Classification Using the Public & Private Sector - Business Studies for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11

1. Why do public firms exist?
Ans. Public firms exist to provide essential services to the public, such as healthcare, education, transportation, and public safety. They are funded by taxpayers and operate under government regulations to ensure the well-being of society.
2. What are the differences between the public and private sector?
Ans. The public sector is government-owned and operated, focusing on providing services to the public, while the private sector is privately owned and operated for profit. Public sector organizations are funded by taxpayers, while private sector organizations rely on investments and revenue.
3. What are the reasons for the existence of public firms?
Ans. Public firms exist to address market failures, provide essential services that are not profitable for private companies to offer, ensure fairness and equality in access to services, and promote the overall well-being of society.
4. How are public and private sector organizations classified?
Ans. Public sector organizations are classified based on their ownership and funding by the government, while private sector organizations are classified based on their ownership by private individuals or entities. Public sector organizations are subject to government regulations and oversight.
5. What are some meaningful differences between public and private sector organizations?
Ans. Public sector organizations are accountable to the government and taxpayers, focus on providing services to the public good, and may have less flexibility in decision-making compared to private sector organizations. Private sector organizations operate for profit, have more autonomy in decision-making, and are accountable to shareholders.
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