Year 11 Exam  >  Year 11 Notes  >  Mathematics for GCSE/IGCSE  >  Operations with Fractions

Operations with Fractions | Mathematics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download

Adding & Subtracting Fractions

Dealing with mixed numbers

  • Always convert mixed numbers to improper fractions before adding or subtracting.

Adding & subtracting

  • Adding and subtracting are approached similarly:
    • Find the smallest whole number that each denominator divides, known as the lowest common denominator.
    • Convert each fraction to an equivalent fraction with the lowest common denominator by scaling the numerator and denominator proportionally.
    • Add or subtract the numerators and write the result over the single lowest common denominator without changing the denominators.
    • Check for any simplifications by canceling out common factors, especially if converting improper fractions to mixed numbers is required.

Multiplying Fractions

Dealing with mixed numbers 

  • Convert mixed numbers into improper fractions before multiplication.

 Multiplying fractions 

  • Cancel any numbers on the numerators with numbers on the denominators (from either fraction).
  • Multiply the numerators.
  • Multiply the denominators.
  • Cancel any common factors again if possible.
  • Convert improper fractions back into mixed numbers (if necessary or requested).
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Operations with Fractions
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Dividing Fractions

Dealing with mixed numbers

  • Always convert mixed numbers into top-heavy fractions before dividing.
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Dividing fractions

  • Instead of dividing fractions, "flip 'n' times" (flip the second fraction and change ÷ into ×).
  • Operations with Fractions | Mathematics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11
  • Then multiply the fractions (multiply the numerators and denominators).
  • Cancel the final answer if possible.
The document Operations with Fractions | Mathematics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 is a part of the Year 11 Course Mathematics for GCSE/IGCSE.
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