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Plate Girder 

A plate girder is a built-up I-beam section designed to carry heavy loads more economically than rolled I-sections. It is constructed by riveting or welding steel plates into an I-beam shape. The components of a typical plate girder and their functions are as follows:

Components of Plate Girder


Web

  • The deep central vertical plate, called the web, separates the two flange plates by a required distance.
  • Its primary function is to resist the shear forces developed in the plate girder.

Web and Flange Plates of Plate GirderWeb and Flange Plates of Plate Girder

Flanges

  • Flanges or flange plates are horizontal elements located at the top and bottom of the plate girder, separated by the web.
  • The main purpose of flange plates is to resist the bending moments acting on the girder.
  • The top flange resists bending moments through compression, while the bottom flange resists tensile forces.
  • They must have sufficient width and thickness to offer good resistance against bending moments.

Stiffeners

  • Stiffeners are provided to prevent buckling and to strengthen the plate girder. They are classified into vertical and horizontal stiffeners.
  1. Vertical Stiffeners
    Vertical Stiffeners: Provided at right angles to the flanges, also called transverse stiffeners. They are further classified based on their position:
    • End Stiffeners: Located at both ends of the girder, they receive loads from the beam and transfer them to the support. These stiffeners protect the web from crushing due to compressive loads and are also known as bearing stiffeners.
    • Intermediate Stiffeners: Required when concentrated loads act on the plate girder. If the web thickness is less than 1/85th of its depth, it may buckle due to shear. Intermediate stiffeners are provided to improve the web's buckling strength.
  2. Horizontal Stiffeners
    Horizontal Stiffeners: Provided parallel to the flange plates, also known as longitudinal stiffeners. They enhance the buckling strength of the web.
    • Continuous Horizontal Stiffeners: Connect all transverse stiffeners and take loads from the flange and web portions.
    • Discontinuous Horizontal Stiffeners: Located between transverse stiffeners without touching them. They do not carry loads from the flange or web but provide buckling resistance to the web.

Stiffeners of Plate GirderStiffeners of Plate Girder

The document Plate Girder & Its Components | Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC is a part of the UPSC Course Civil Engineering Optional Notes for UPSC.
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