Class 9 Exam > Class 9 Notes > संस्कृत कक्षा 9 (Sanskrit Class 9) > प्रत्यय | Chapter Explanation
प्रत्यय | Chapter Explanation | संस्कृत कक्षा 9 (Sanskrit Class 9) PDF Download
किसी भी धातु या शब्द के पश्चात् जुड़ने वाले शब्दांशों को प्रत्यय कहा जाता है। जैसे- पठ् + क्त्वा = पठित्वा, यहाँ पठ् धातु में क्त्वा प्रत्यय लगकर पठित्वा शब्द बना है, जिसका अर्थ होता है ‘पढ़कर‘।
संज्ञा, सर्वनाम तथा विशेषण शब्दों में जुड़ने वाले प्रत्ययों को तद्धित प्रत्यय कहते हैं। जैसे- तरप्, तमप्, इनि, मयट्, ठक्, इतच् आदि प्रत्यय।
प्रत्यय के भेद
प्रत्ययों के मुख्यतः तीन भेद होते हैं।
1. कृत् (कृदन्त) प्रत्यय
2. तद्धित प्रत्यय
3. स्त्री प्रत्यय
जो प्रत्यय धातु के अंत में जुड़ते हैं, उन्हें कृत् प्रत्यय कहते हैं। ये प्रत्यय तिङ् प्रत्ययों से भिन्न होते हैं। जैसे- क्त्वा, ल्यप्, तुमुन्, क्त, क्तवतु, शतृ, शानच्, अनीयर्, यत्, ण्वुल्, ल्युट् आदि प्रत्यय।
2. तद्धित प्रत्यय – शब्द में जुड़ने वालेउदाहरण
कृ + तव्यत् = कर्त्तव्यम्
पठ् + अनीयर् = पठनीयम्
दा + तुमुन् = दातुम्
गम् + क्तवतु = गतवान्
संज्ञा, सर्वनाम तथा विशेषण शब्दों में जुड़ने वाले प्रत्ययों को तद्धित प्रत्यय कहते हैं। जैसे- तरप्, तमप्, इनि, मयट्, ठक्, इतच् आदि प्रत्यय।
उदाहरण
आत्मन् + वतुप् = आत्मवान्
गुण + वतुप् = गुणवान्
यशस् + वतुप् = यशस्वान्
लक्ष्मी + वतुप् = लक्ष्मीवान्
पुल्लिंग शब्दों में जिन प्रत्ययों को लगाकर स्त्रीलिंग या स्त्रीवाचक शब्द बनाए जाते हैं, उन्हें स्त्री प्रत्यय कहते हैं। जैसे- अज + टाप् = अजा।
उदाहरण
अज + टाप् = अजा
गुणिन् + ङीप् = गुणिनी
देव + ङीप् = देवी
त्रिलोक + ङीप् = त्रिलोकी
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FAQs on प्रत्यय - Chapter Explanation - संस्कृत कक्षा 9 (Sanskrit Class 9)
| 1. प्रत्यय का मतलब क्या है? |  |
उत्तर: प्रत्यय एक शब्द है जो किसी शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर उसका अर्थ बदल देता है।
| 2. प्रत्यय कितने प्रकार के होते हैं? | |
उत्तर: प्रत्यय तीन प्रकार के होते हैं - उपसर्ग, प्रत्य, टट्टूव।
| 3. प्रत्यय का क्या महत्व है भाषा में? | |
उत्तर: प्रत्यय भाषा में शब्दों के अर्थ को विस्तारित करने में मदद करता है।
| 4. प्रत्यय का उपयोग किस तरह से किया जा सकता है? | |
उत्तर: प्रत्यय का उपयोग शब्दों के अर्थ में परिवर्तन लाने के लिए किया जा सकता है।
| 5. प्रत्यय का उदाहरण देकर समझाएं। | |
उत्तर: उदाहरण के लिए, "खुशबू नहीं" में 'नहीं' प्रत्यय है जो 'खुशबू' के अर्थ को परिवर्तित कर देता है।
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