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The particle model | Year 7 Chemistry (Cambridge) PDF Download

Introduction

  • Matter exists in three main states: solid, liquid, and gas.
  • These states can change based on temperature and pressure.

The particle model | Year 7 Chemistry (Cambridge)

Solids

  • Description:
    • Particles are tightly packed in a fixed, regular arrangement.
    • Particles vibrate but do not move from their positions.
    • Strong forces exist between particles.
  • Example:
    • Ice (solid water) maintains its shape and volume.

Liquids

  • Description:
    • Particles are close together but can move past each other.
    • Particles have an irregular arrangement.
    • Weak forces exist between particles.
  • Example:
    • Water flows and takes the shape of its container.

Gases

  • Description:
    • Particles are far apart and move freely.
    • Particles have a random arrangement.
    • Very weak forces exist between particles.
  • Example:
    • Steam (water vapor) spreads to fill any container.

Changes of State

  • Melting: Solid to liquid by heating (e.g., ice melting into water).
  • Freezing: Liquid to solid by cooling (e.g., water freezing into ice).
  • Boiling (Vaporization): Liquid to gas by heating (e.g., water boiling into steam).
  • Condensation: Gas to liquid by cooling (e.g., steam condensing into water).
  • Sublimation: Solid to gas without passing through liquid state (e.g., dry ice sublimating into carbon dioxide gas).

The particle model | Year 7 Chemistry (Cambridge)

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The particle model
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Demonstration

Visual Example:

  • Show how solids retain shape, while liquids and gases take the shape of their containers.
  • Demonstrate using ice cubes, water, and steam to illustrate each state.

Question for The particle model
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Which state of matter has particles that are tightly packed in a fixed, regular arrangement with strong forces between them?
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Conclusion

  • Understanding states of matter helps explain how substances behave under different conditions.
  • Temperature changes play a crucial role in altering states of matter.
The document The particle model | Year 7 Chemistry (Cambridge) is a part of the Year 7 Course Year 7 Chemistry (Cambridge).
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FAQs on The particle model - Year 7 Chemistry (Cambridge)

1. What are the three states of matter?
Ans. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
2. How do particles behave in each state of matter?
Ans. In a solid, particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place. In a liquid, particles are close together but can move around each other. In a gas, particles are spread out and move freely.
3. What happens to the arrangement and movement of particles as a substance changes from one state to another?
Ans. As a substance changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas, the arrangement of particles becomes less orderly and the movement of particles becomes more chaotic.
4. How does temperature affect the state of matter of a substance?
Ans. Increasing the temperature of a substance can cause it to change from a solid to a liquid to a gas, as the particles gain energy and move more freely.
5. Can a substance change directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
Ans. Yes, a substance can change directly from a solid to a gas through a process called sublimation.
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