Jewellery of Jharkhand | Jharkhand State (JPSC) PSC: Preparation - JPSC (Jharkhand) PDF Download

Godna(Tattooing)

• In the Sadan women’s tradition, there was an ancient practice of tattooing various body parts. The tattoos featured distinctive designs and symbols, including Mahadev Jund, Pothi, Kasali flowers, Bunda Garia, rice, Dhaar, Charai Gode, and others. Commonly tattooed areas included:
  • Throat: Tattoos of laughing faces and hackles.
  • Hands: Ginger, peacock, lalva, and strawberry flowers.
  • Fingers: Potty and bunta designs.
  • Feet: Pianari shapes and ankal.
• The process involved applying turmeric oil to dry the tattoos quickly. Over three evenings, the tattooed area was exposed to dew to aid in the healing and curing process.

Headgear

• Khongoso: This item is used for handling silver-faced juga and in creating artistic twins. Its name, "Khongoso," comes from the tearing of hair.
• Chawnwani and Panapatta Khonso:
  • Chawnwani Khonso: This features a silver chawni (a type of bowl or vessel) mounted on its upper side. Occasionally, a knife is used instead of the chawni in some designs.
  • Panapatta Khonso: Shaped like a pan leaf, it includes three types of sticks and curls, enhancing its decorative appeal.
• Kalyp: This silver accessory is designed with various patterns. In clippers, the bottom curl is a thin groove that holds both clips together. It is typically worn on the hair near the ear.

Ear Jewelry

• Jewelry Materials: Initially, jewelry was made from materials like Khirka, pakapates, dates, leaves, sakhua leaves, banda ladder, Gangetic stalks, and Gulchy wood, which were painted black.
• Karanful: Made from gold and silver, these are ear ornaments featuring a central round dome bordered by two gold wire stripes. They also include small sculptures between rising and middle leaves, creating an attractive design. They remain popular today.
• Kanpasa: This is a gold ornament that covers the entire ear, typically adorned with five or seven round sections. It features designs such as moons, stars, and lotuses.
• Suprakana: This is a piece of gold or silver jewelry worn on the ear by men.
• Besari: Worn on the lower portion of the nose, this piece covers the face with gold and is often intricately carved. It can cover the entire mouth, requiring women to hold it with one hand while eating.

Necklaces

• Haasli: Made from gold, silver, or copper, Haasli features a thick, non-folding central part and a thinner neck section. It often displays designs like flowers, fish, or conchs. Weighing around 40 paisa, it holds value due to its metal content and is considered a form of capital.
• Khambhiya: Crafted from silver, this ornament resembles a twig and features intricate designs of flowers, leaves, and peacocks. It includes red, black, and white spots, enhancing its visual appeal.
• Sitahaar: This necklace consists of five silver pieces with lacets, featuring two strokes on the neck. The scales increase in size from top to bottom, creating a decorative pattern around the throat.
• Kanthamala: This round silver necklace is hollow inside and threaded with four striped coral pieces in red, blue, or black. It features a round neckline with a corrugated section.
• Chandrahar: Made of silver, this necklace is engraved in a leaf-like pattern and includes two straps at the top and three at the bottom, creating an attractive and beautiful design.

Handheld jewellery

• Tad: This silver ornament is thick, round, and hollow with one open side. It is worn on the right side of the elbow.
• Bajubandh: Made from silver thread, this band is wrapped around the arm. It features rounded silver goals on top of the lump, and it swings as the wearer moves.
• Thela: This ornament is a thick, hollow, and carved silver bangle, also referred to as Aguva.
• Kangna: A gold ornament, Kangna is a finely crafted, lacquered silver piece worn on the finger.
• Berah: Men wear Berah in various metals such as copper, bronze, and silver on their hands.
• Behinkal: Similar to a women's armchair, this silver or bronze ornament is worn on the arm by men.

Footwear

• Payari: This ornament is made of bronze, brass, or silver and has a hard, curved shape. It is directly inserted into the foot and does not have an opening mechanism. It can be worn by both adults and children.
• Payal: These are silver anklets available in various designs such as Amba, Amba Patai, Barley Manji, Khera Manji, and Kobi Patai. They have a linking mechanism and are curved.
• Goodram: A round, hollow silver ornament, thick in the middle, with an open space. It is carved and may have a closed shutter. A metal bullet is used in its construction.
• Angutha: This is a round metal ornament made of bronze, brass, iron, or silver, worn on the big toe.
• Jhatiya: Made from bronze, brass, or iron, this thick wheel-shaped ornament is worn on three toes.
• Qatri: This is a thin, round ornament made of bronze, brass, or iron, worn on the smallest toe.
• Beechia: Made of silver, this ornament is worn on all toes and can feature designs such as fish, leaflets, conch shells, or flowers.