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Mind Map: Salient Features of the Constitution of India | Legal Studies for Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download
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FAQs on Mind Map: Salient Features of the Constitution of India - Legal Studies for Class 11 - Humanities/Arts
| 1. What are the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India? |  |
Ans. The Constitution of India guarantees six fundamental rights to its citizens, which are essential for personal liberty and dignity. These rights include:
1. Right to Equality (Articles 14-18) - Ensures equality before the law and prohibits discrimination.
2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22) - Includes freedom of speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.
3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24) - Prohibits human trafficking, forced labor, and child labor.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28) - Ensures freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice, and propagate religion.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30) - Protects the rights of minorities to conserve their culture and establish educational institutions.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) - Allows individuals to approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of their rights.
| 2. How does the Constitution of India ensure the separation of powers among different branches of government? | |
Ans. The Constitution of India establishes a clear separation of powers among the three branches of government: the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary. This is achieved through:
1. Legislative Powers - The Parliament is responsible for making laws and has the authority to formulate policies.
2. Executive Powers - The President and the Council of Ministers execute the laws and manage the administration of the country.
3. Judicial Powers - The Judiciary interprets the laws and ensures justice. It has the power to review laws and actions of the executive and legislative branches to ensure they comply with the Constitution.
This separation is designed to provide checks and balances, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful.
| 3. What is the significance of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India? | |
Ans. The Directive Principles of State Policy, outlined in Part IV of the Constitution, serve as guidelines for the State in making laws and policies aimed at promoting social and economic justice. They hold significance in the following ways:
1. Social Welfare - They aim to ensure social and economic welfare of the people, including the right to work, education, and public assistance.
2. Economic Democracy - They guide the State to promote an equitable distribution of wealth and resources among citizens.
3. Non-justiciable Nature - While they are not enforceable by courts, they are fundamental in the governance of the country and serve as a yardstick for evaluating the effectiveness of the government’s policies.
4. Harmonization of Rights - They complement the Fundamental Rights, aiming for a balance between individual rights and the needs of the community.
| 4. What are the basic features of the Constitution of India that cannot be amended? | |
Ans. The Constitution of India contains certain basic features that are considered fundamental and cannot be amended. These include:
1. Supremacy of the Constitution - The Constitution is the highest law of the land.
2. Rule of Law - Ensures that all individuals are subject to the law, which is fairly applied and enforced.
3. Separation of Powers - The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches.
4. Fundamental Rights - The core rights that protect individual freedoms.
5. Federal Structure - The distribution of powers between the central and state governments.
These features were established to maintain the integrity and stability of the Constitution.
| 5. What is the process of amending the Constitution of India? | |
Ans. The process of amending the Constitution of India is detailed in Article 368 and can be categorized into three types:
1. <b>Simple Majority</b> - Some amendments can be made by a simple majority of the members present and voting in Parliament.
2. <b>Special Majority</b> - Amendments that affect federal structure or fundamental rights require a special majority, which means a majority of the total membership of each House and a majority of the members present and voting.
3. <b>Ratification by States</b> - Certain amendments must also be ratified by at least half of the state legislatures after being passed by Parliament.
This multi-tiered process ensures that amendments are made thoughtfully and reflect a broad consensus.
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