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| 1. What were the main features of the administration of justice in British India? |  |
Ans. The administration of justice in British India was characterized by a combination of British legal principles and local customs. It included a hierarchical court system, starting from district courts to High Courts, with the Privy Council as the highest appellate authority. The legal framework was established through various acts, notably the Indian Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure, which laid down the procedures for criminal justice. The introduction of English law aimed to standardize legal processes, but there were often conflicts with traditional practices and local laws.
| 2. How did the British legal system impact traditional Indian practices? | |
Ans. The British legal system significantly impacted traditional Indian practices by introducing formal legal procedures and principles that often conflicted with local customs. British laws disregarded many social norms and practices, leading to the erosion of traditional dispute resolution methods such as panchayats. While the British aimed to create a uniform legal system, this often marginalized indigenous legal practices and created a divide between the colonial authorities and local populations.
| 3. What role did the Indian Penal Code play in the administration of justice during British rule? | |
Ans. The Indian Penal Code (IPC), enacted in the mid-19th century, was a crucial component of the administration of justice in British India. It provided a comprehensive set of laws defining various offenses and their corresponding punishments. The IPC aimed to create a uniform legal standard across the diverse regions of India, facilitating the British colonial government's control over the legal system. It laid the groundwork for modern criminal law in India and remains in use, with modifications, in contemporary Indian law.
| 4. What were the criticisms of the British judicial system in India? | |
Ans. The British judicial system in India faced several criticisms, including allegations of bias and inequality. Many argued that the system favored British citizens over Indians, leading to a lack of trust among the local population. Additionally, the complex legal procedures and language barriers made it difficult for many Indians to access justice. Critics also pointed out that the system was often more focused on maintaining colonial authority than on delivering fair justice, contributing to widespread dissatisfaction.
| 5. How did the administration of justice evolve after India's independence? | |
Ans. After India's independence, the administration of justice underwent significant reforms aimed at making the legal system more accessible and equitable. The Indian Constitution established a framework for justice that emphasized fundamental rights and the rule of law. New laws and regulations were introduced to replace colonial-era practices, and efforts were made to simplify legal procedures and enhance the rights of the marginalized. The establishment of the Lok Adalat system aimed to provide quicker and more affordable justice, reflecting a shift towards a more inclusive legal framework.
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Sep 05, 2025
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