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Introduction

Revision Notes: Health Organisations | Biology Class 10 ICSE

  • Health is a major concern for governments around the world. They take measures at national and global levels to protect the health of their citizens.
  • Various health organizations, local bodies, national organizations, and international organizations play a role in this effort.

Common Health Problems in India

Revision Notes: Health Organisations | Biology Class 10 ICSE

India is a large country with diverse geographical and climatic conditions, leading to various health issues.
A. Food and Water Borne Diseases

  • Contaminated food and water are responsible for several diseases.
  • Examples include Diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, typhoid, and dysentery.

B. Insect and Air Borne Diseases

  • Lack of cleanliness results in the breeding of houseflies and mosquitoes, which are carriers of certain diseases.
  • Example: Malaria
  • Airborne diseases include tuberculosis, whooping cough, pneumonia, and diarrhoea.

C. Lack of Medical Facilities

  • The absence of medical facilities, particularly in rural areas, leads to preventable deaths and health deterioration.

D. Professional Hazards

  • Child labour in various industries (such as carpet, fireworks, and glass bangles manufacturing) causes health issues due to excessive physical and mental stress at a young age.

Categories of Health Organisations

(i) Local Bodies: Local health organizations play a crucial role in maintaining public health at the community level. These include:

  • Municipal Corporations: Responsible for health services in large urban areas.
  • Municipalities: Oversee health services in smaller towns and cities.
  • Town Area Committees: Manage health services in specific town areas.

Functions of Local Bodies: Local health organizations are involved in various essential functions, including:

  • Sanitation: Disposal of waste and sewage to maintain cleanliness and prevent disease.
  • Supply of Safe Drinking Water: Ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water for the community.
  • Keeping Statistical Records of Diseases: Monitoring and recording disease occurrences in the area for better management.
  • Vaccination: Conducting vaccination programs to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

(ii) National Bodies: National health organizations undertake comprehensive measures for disease control and prevention across the country. These include:

  • Regular Surveys: Conducting surveys to monitor the prevalence and spread of diseases.
  • Identification of Transmitting Agents: Identifying the agents responsible for disease transmission and their breeding places.
  • Prophylactic Immunisation: Arranging preventive immunization to protect the population from infectious diseases.
  • National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD): Located in Delhi, NICD conducts research on infectious diseases. Previously known as the Malaria Institute, NICD plays a vital role in understanding and controlling communicable diseases.
  • Pulse Polio Programme: A nationwide initiative aimed at eradicating poliomyelitis by vaccinating children against the disease.

(iii) International Bodies: International health organizations contribute to global health initiatives and disaster relief. These include:
1. Red Cross: The Red Cross is both a national and international agency founded in 1864. Its emblem features a red cross on a white background, and 8 May is celebrated as Red Cross Day. Major activities of the Red Cross include:
Revision Notes: Health Organisations | Biology Class 10 ICSE

  • Providing relief to victims of natural disasters such as floods, fires, famines, and earthquakes.
  • Procuring and supplying blood to victims of war or other calamities.
  • Offering first aid in accidents and emergencies.

2. World Health Organization (WHO): Established in 1948, WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations with its headquarters in Geneva. Major activities of WHO include:
Revision Notes: Health Organisations | Biology Class 10 ICSE

  • Collecting and disseminating information about epidemic diseases.
  • Setting pharmaceutical standards to ensure the purity and appropriate dosing of drugs.
  • Organizing campaigns for the control of epidemic and endemic diseases.

The document Revision Notes: Health Organisations | Biology Class 10 ICSE is a part of the Class 10 Course Biology Class 10 ICSE.
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FAQs on Revision Notes: Health Organisations - Biology Class 10 ICSE

1. What are the common health problems faced by people in India?
Ans. Common health problems in India include infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS, as well as non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders. Additionally, issues related to maternal and child health, malnutrition, and mental health are significant concerns.
2. How do health organizations in India contribute to addressing health problems?
Ans. Health organizations in India, including government agencies, NGOs, and international bodies, contribute by providing healthcare services, conducting health awareness campaigns, implementing vaccination programs, and supporting research on prevalent health issues. They also work on policy advocacy and improving healthcare infrastructure.
3. What categories of health organizations exist in India?
Ans. In India, health organizations can be categorized into three main types: government health organizations (like the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and international health agencies (such as WHO and UNICEF). Each plays a distinct role in promoting health and providing services.
4. What is the role of the government in managing health issues in India?
Ans. The government plays a crucial role in managing health issues in India by formulating health policies, funding public health programs, regulating healthcare services, and ensuring access to healthcare for all citizens. It also conducts health surveys and implements initiatives to improve sanitation and health education.
5. How can individuals contribute to improving health in their communities in India?
Ans. Individuals can contribute by promoting health education, participating in community health programs, practicing healthy lifestyle choices, volunteering for local NGOs, and advocating for better health services. Engaging in regular health check-ups and encouraging others to do the same can also make a significant impact.
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