Emerging Trends NCERT Solutions | Computer Science for Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q1: List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.
Ans: Some commonly used cloud-based services include:

• Storing photos on Google Drive or OneDrive.
• Backing up files and documents on the Internet.
• Hosting websites on the Internet.
• Using Platform as a Service (PaaS) for coding practice in Python and MySQL.
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
• Using Software as a Service (SaaS) such as Microsoft Office 365.

Q2: What do you understand by the Internet of Things? List some of its potential applications.
Ans: The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of devices embedded with hardware and software that allows them to communicate and exchange data over the Internet.
Some of its potential applications include:

• Controlling home devices like CCTV, microwave, lights, and fans via smartphones.
• Providing farmers with real-time insights into soil conditions.
• Managing road traffic in large cities efficiently.

Q3: Write short notes on the following:
(a) Cloud Computing
(b) Big Data and its Characteristics
Ans:
(a) Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is a modern approach where computing services, including software, hardware (servers), databases, and storage, are provided over the Internet. Users can access these resources from any device, anywhere. Cloud service providers offer these services on a pay-per-use basis, similar to electricity billing.
(b) Big Data: With the rise of technology, data is being generated at an enormous rate. Due to the increasing number of Internet users, a significant portion of global web traffic comes from smartphones, resulting in the production of vast and complex datasets known as Big Data.
Characteristics of Big Data:

• Volume: Enormous size of data.
• Velocity: Speed at which data is generated and stored.
• Variety: Includes structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.
• Veracity: Data may be inconsistent, noisy, or biased.
• Value: Extracting meaningful insights and patterns from data for business and research purposes.

Q4: Explain the following along with their applications.
(a) Artificial Intelligence
(b) Machine Learning
Ans:
(a) Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI aims to replicate human intelligence in machines, enabling them to learn, make decisions, and solve problems. Examples include Google Maps, Alexa, and Cortana.
(b) Machine Learning (ML): ML is a subset of AI where computers learn from data using statistical techniques without direct programming.

Q5: Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing with suitable examples.
Ans:

Q6: Justify the following statement: “Storage of data is cost-effective and time saving in cloud computing.”
Ans: Cloud computing provides access to virtual resources where users pay only for what they use, making it cost-effective. Additionally, processing large datasets locally can be time-consuming, whereas cloud computing eliminates concerns about system crashes and enables faster processing with a stable Internet connection.
Thus, cloud computing ensures both cost-effectiveness and time efficiency.

Q7: What is on-demand service? How it is provided in cloud computing?
Ans: On-demand service is a key feature of cloud computing that allows users to access resources as needed. Cloud service providers offer computing resources (software, hardware, servers, databases, storage) on a pay-per-use basis, similar to utility services like electricity billing.

Q8: Write examples of the following:
(a) Government provided cloud computing platform
(b) Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they provide
Ans:
(a) An example of a government-provided cloud computing platform is "GI Cloud" (MeghRaj) – https://cloud.gov.in.
(b) Large-scale private cloud service providers include:

• Amazon Web Services (AWS)
• Microsoft Azure
• Google Cloud Platform

These providers offer services such as computing power, infrastructure, storage, and applications.

Q9: A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services, such as virtual server provisioning and on demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customised applications. What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements?
(a) Platform as a Service
(b) Software as a Service
(c) Application as a Service
(d) Infrastructure as a Service
Ans: (d)

Q10: If the government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts, how can each of the following be implemented in order to transform a school into IoT-enabled smart school?
(a) e-textbooks
(b) Smart boards
(c) Online Tests
(d) Wifi sensors on classrooms doors
(e) Sensors in buses to monitor their location
(f) Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring.
Ans:
(a) e-textbooks: Digital textbooks accessible online and integrated into platforms like Microsoft Teams.
(b) Smart boards: Interactive boards connected via Wi-Fi, allowing teachers to display videos and presentations.
(c) Online Tests: Objective or subjective tests conducted remotely through various online portals.
(d) Wi-Fi sensors on classroom doors: Automated attendance tracking as students enter the classroom.
(e) Sensors in buses to monitor location: Real-time tracking for parents and school administration.
(f) Wearables (watches/smart belts) for attendance monitoring: Automatically records attendance upon entering school or classrooms.

Q11: Five friends plan to try a startup. However, they have a limited budget and limited computer infrastructure. How can they avail the benefits of cloud services to launch their startup?
Ans: They can use cloud computing services from government or private providers, which operate on a pay-per-use model. This allows them to access necessary computing resources without investing in hardware, significantly reducing startup costs.

Q12: Governments provide various scholarships to students of different classes. Prepare a report on how blockchain technology can be used to promote accountability, transparency and efficiency in distribution of scholarships?
Ans: Blockchain technology can enhance the scholarship distribution process by ensuring:

• Transparency: Immutable records of transactions prevent fraud.
• Accountability: Every step of the fund transfer is recorded and verifiable.
• Efficiency: Automated smart contracts facilitate direct fund transfers to students.

This technology can eliminate middlemen, ensure timely distribution, and provide a secure, tamper-proof system for financial assistance.

Q13: How are IoT and WoT related?
Ans: The Internet of Things (IoT) enables devices to interact via the Internet, but users must install separate apps for different devices. The Web of Things (WoT) enhances IoT by using web services, allowing a single interface to connect all devices. Together, they enable smart homes, offices, and cities.

Q14: Match the columns:

Ans: