Morning Star Textbook Solutions: Forward Bloc and the INA | History and Civics Class 10 ICSE PDF Download

Very Short Questions

Q1: When and where was Subhas Chandra Bose born?
Ans: Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January 1897, 1897 to a pious Bengali family in Cuttack, presently in Orissa.

Q2: Why did Bose resign from the Indian Civil Service?
Ans: Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921.

Q3: In which year was Bose elected as President of the Congress for the first time?
Ans: In 1938, Subhash was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress for the first time.

Q4: Who was the Congress leader against whom Bose contested?
Ans: Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya.

Q5: Name the two organizations founded by Bose in Berlin?
Ans: ‘Free India Centre’ and ‘Free Hind Radio’ were founded by Bose in Berlin.

Q6: When was the Provincial Government of free India set up by Bose?
Ans: On October 21, 1943, Subhas Chandra Bose announced the creation of the Provisional Government of Independent India. 

•  This event marked a significant step in the movement towards India's independence from British rule. 
•  Subhas Chandra Bose was a prominent leader who played a crucial role in the struggle for freedom. 
•  The formation of this government was an important declaration of the desire for self-rule and sovereignty. 
•  The Provisional Government aimed to unite various groups and individuals who were working for India's liberation. 

Q7: Who was the founder of the ‘Forward Bloc’?
Ans: Subhash Chandra Bose founded the ‘Forward Bloc’ in the year 1939.

Q8: Name the party formed by Subhash Chandra Bose.
Ans: The party formed by Subhash Chandra was the ‘Forward Bloc’.

Q9: What was the immediate objective of the Forward Bloc?
Ans: The main aim was immediate liberation of India.

Q10: Name any two slogans, which became the battle cry of the INA.
Ans: (i) ‘Delhi Chalo’ (ii) ‘Jai Hind’

Q11: Who gave the call of ‘Delhi Chalo’ and ‘Total Mobilisations’?
Ans: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.

Q12: Name the military organisation formed by Subhash Chandra Bose.
Or
Name the organisation of which Subhash Chandra Bose became the Supreme Commander in 1943.
Ans: Indian National Army.

Q13: Why did the British Government set the prisoners of the Indian National Army free?
Ans: The British Government released the prisoners of the Indian National Army because the whole country was united in demanding their freedom.

• There was a strong feeling among the people that these prisoners should be set free.
• The release was influenced by the widespread support from the public.
• This unity across the nation played a crucial role in the government's decision.
• The situation highlighted the importance of national solidarity in influencing government actions.

Q14: Who was Rash Behari Bose?
Ans: He was an Indian revolutionary who went to Japan in 1915 and established Indian Independence League in 1942. He played a vital role in raising the Indian National Army.

Short Questions – I

Q1: Mention two contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose to India’s freedom struggle.
Ans: Subhash Chandra Bose played a significant role in India's fight for freedom by creating the Indian National Army (INA). This organization encouraged the military to rise up against the British rule. 

•  The efforts of Netaji and the INA were crucial in challenging the British, which ultimately influenced their decision to leave India. 

Q2: Mention the ideas of the new party.
Ans: Forward Bloc’s immediate objective was to liberate India with the support of workers, peasants, youth and other radical organisations.
Main ideas of the Party:
(i) To develop the economy on socialistic ideas.
(ii) Abolition of landlordism i.e. Zamindari system.
(iii) A new monetary and credit system.

Q3: State two important objectives of the Indian National Army.
Ans: Main Goals:

•  The first goal was to liberate India and help Indians living abroad who were working for foreign powers. 
•  The second goal was to gain support from other countries to fight against Britain. 

Q4: Mention two-contributions of the Indian National Army (INA) to the Indian Freedom Movement.
Ans: Two contributions of the INA towards Indian freedom movement were:
(i) The INA uprisings inspired the Naval revolts in Bombay in February 1946.
(ii) Trial of the INA officers attracted sympathy and the British had to set them free.

Q5: Mention any two resolutions passed in Bangkok Conference of the INA.
Ans: (i) Invitation to Subhas Chandra Bose to came from Europe to lead this movement.
(ii) Formation of a Council of Action to control and guide the whole movement.

Short Questions – II

Q1: Under what circumtances Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the Congress?
Ans: Subhash Chandra Bose became the President of the Congress in 1938, which highlighted the growing power of the Leftist and Socialist groups within the Congress party. 

•  He was re-elected the following year, in 1939, by beating Gandhi's candidate, Pattabhi Sitaramayya. 
• Gandhi felt that his own influence was at stake in this defeat, viewing it as a personal loss rather than just a setback for Pattabhi. 
•  A significant disagreement arose between Gandhi and Bose regarding the composition of the Congress Working Committee. 
•  Bose wanted the freedom to select his own committee members, but Gandhi opposed this because he feared that Bose might use violent methods in the fight for independence. 
•  Despite efforts by Nehru and Jayaprakash Narayan to mediate the situation, the conflict between Gandhi and Bose could not be resolved. 
•  Consequently, Bose found himself isolated, as no one was willing to support him in forming his Working Committee due to Gandhi's disapproval. 
•  Feeling powerless, Subhas Chandra Bose resigned from his position as Congress President on April 29, 1939. 
•  He was succeeded by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, who was a follower of Gandhi's principles. 

Q2: Mention the circumstances which led to the formation of the Indian National Army.
Ans: Formation of Indian Independence League: During the Second World War Japan had captured more than 40,000 Indian soldiers. These soldiers along with other Indians who were living in the South-East Asia formed the Indian Independence League under the leadership of Rash Behari Bose.

Q3: Explain three measures taken by Subhash Chandra Bose to establish a socialist society.
Ans: For the establishment of a socialist society Subhash Chandra Bose proposed the following measures:
(i) State planning for the reorganisation of agriculture and industry on socialist lines.
(ii) Abolition of landlordism or the Zamindari system.
(iii) Introduction of a new monetary and credit system.

Q4: What were the three decisions taken at the Tokyo conference?
Ans: The Tokyo Conference: Tokyo Conference met from 28th March to March 31,1942. The Tokyo Conference was attended by about more than 120 delegates from Burma, Malaya, Thailand, Indo-China, Japan, China etc. The Tokyo Conference passed a resolution to form an ‘Indian National Army’. Mohan Singh took over as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian National Army and Rash Behari Bose was elected as the President. On 26th August 1943 Subhash Chandra Bose officially took charge of the Indian National Army and became its Supreme Commander. At the Tokyo Conference (28 March, 1942), the following decisions were taken:
(i) to expand and strengthen the Indian Independence League.
(ii) to form under the overall command of the League an Indian National Army (INA) i.e., an army for the liberation of India; and
(iii) to hold a Conference at Bangkok to consolidate these decisions.

Long Questions

Q1: Under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose the Indian National Army launched a frontal attack on the British ports. In this context briefly describe the life of Subhash Chandra Bose.
Ans: Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. After completing his early education he joined the famous Presidency College at Calcutta. He went to England for higher studies and passed the Indian Civil Service Examination in 1920. He got attracted towards the freedom movement of the country and resigned from the ICS in the following year. He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhiji and was imprisoned for six months in December 1921. He bitterly criticized Gandhiji when he withdrew the movement in 1922. He also participated in Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. He was a strong supporter of socialist ideas. He became the President of Congress with the support of younger elements in the Congress. His differences with Gandhiji reached their height in 1939. Inspite of Gandhiji’s opposition he was again elected President of the Congress in 1939. But he resign from this post and founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 to carry on the freedom struggle while remaining within the Congress.

Q2: Discuss about the formation of Indian National Army and the INA’s fight for Indian’s freedom.
Ans: On July 8, 1943, the Indian Independence League declared the creation of the Indian National Army (INA), commonly known as Azad Hind Fauz. 

•  The INA was formed by many Indian soldiers who had become prisoners of war in places like Malaya, Singapore, and Burma. 
•  Numerous Indian expatriates in South East Asia also joined the INA. 
•  The soldiers referred to Subhash Chandra Bose as Netaji, meaning respected leader. 
•  He famously urged his soldiers with the words, “Give me blood and I shall give you freedom.”
•  Netaji established various Recruitment and Training Departments and set up training camps for both men and women. 
•  Subhash Chandra Bose initiated a military effort against the British and received support from Japan to achieve his goals. 
•  Japan was considered one of the nine major world powers at that time. 
•  Subhash successfully captured the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 
•  Following this, he fought bravely against British forces in the Assam Hills. 
•  The primary aim of the INA was to capture Imphal, but they were unable to do so. 
•  The failure to capture Imphal was due to Japan withdrawing its forces from the Indo-Burma Border because of their involvement with the Americans in the Pacific Ocean. 
•  Another reason for this failure was the early arrival of the rainy season. 
•  The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 led to Japan's surrender. 
•  It was believed that Subhash Chandra Bose died in a plane crash while traveling to Tokyo. 
•  Although the INA did not succeed in its mission, it left a powerful legacy of patriotism among the Indian people. 
•  The brave actions and sacrifices of the INA soldiers increased political awareness among Indians. 
•  Therefore, the INA played a significant role in influencing the British decision to leave India. 

Q3: Summarise the contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose to the National Movement.
Or
Why was Forward Bloc formed?
Ans: (i) Subhash Chandra Bose was a great freedom fighter. Though he passed the Indian Civil Service Examination but decided not to join the service of the British Government. He was an eminent fighter. For his courage, sacrifice and boldness he is popularly known as Netaji.
(ii) Formation of Forward Bloc: Due to his differences with Gandhiji he resigned from the Presidentship of Indian National Congress. In May 1939 he organised a new party known as Forward Bloc. His party’s immediate objective was liberation of India with the support of workers, peasants, youths and other radical organisations.
(iii) INA and Subhash Chandra Bose: Subhash Chandra officially took charge of the Indian National Army in 1943. The soldiers of the I.N.A. fought valiantly along with the Japanese forces and reached upto Imphal and Manipur.
On October 21, 1943 Subhash Chandra announced the formation of the Provisional Government of free India and declared war against the Allies. Andaman and Nicobar Islands were handed over to INA by Japan. ‘Delhi Chalo’ and ‘Jai Hind’ became the battle cry of the INA.
(iv) INA’s Victories in South-East Asia: It was the INA which hoisted Tri colour flag for the first time on the liberated Indian soil on March 19, 1944. INA alongwith Japanese forces continued to hold Burma for almost a year.
(v) INA’s impact on the National Movement: The popularity of INA could be judged from the trail of INA officers—Shah Nawaz, G. S. Dhillon and Prem Seghal. Though the Court martial held them guilty but they were not punished due to demonstrations all over the country. The INA spirit affected the armed forces and Indian Navy also. The Indian Navy rose in revolt at Mumbai in February 1946. The INA though failed in its mission but its soldiers and the leader Subhash Chandra Bose set an inspiring example of patriotism before the Indian people.

Q4: Explain Subhash Chandra Bose fundamental differences with Gandhiji.
Ans: Subhas Chandra Bose disagreed with Gandhi's ideas and methods. He had little faith in using peaceful and constitutional ways to gain freedom. Instead, he was a true revolutionary who supported using force to end British rule. He was willing to seek help from other countries to reach his goals. Bose believed in being clever and diplomatic when dealing with his enemies. He remarked, “Gandhiji’s reasoning cannot persuade the British leaders. He has not succeeded because he always shows his intentions openly.” 

•  He supported socialism and created the Forward Block to promote a socialist society in India after gaining independence. This was against Mahatma Gandhi's approach. 
•  Bose believed that the political weakness of Britain during the war should be exploited instead of waiting for the British to grant independence after the war ended. In contrast, Gandhi and Nehru wanted to take a compromising approach and were against escalating the national struggle during the war. 
•  In 1939, Bose started the National Planning Committee to create a detailed plan for industrialization. However, Gandhi opposed this as he preferred small-scale industries to help villages become self-reliant. 
•  Leaders from the movement for the people of the Princely States expected support and understanding. Bose wanted the Congress to assist these people in their fight for freedom, but Gandhi was against any involvement. 

Long Questions

Q1: Mention any three proposals of the Cabinet Mission.
Ans: (i) Federal Government: It recommended a federal type of Government for the whole of India.
(1) The Federal Government (Central Government) was to have only three subjects under its jurisdiction, namely defence, foreign affairs and communications.
(2) The rest of the subjects would be under the control of Princely States.
(ii) Division of Provinces: There would be three group of Provinces.

(iii) Constituent Assembly: A Constituent Assembly consisting of 389 members – 292 members from provinces, 4 from the territories governed by Chief Commissioner and 93 from Indian Princely States would draft the Constitution of India.
(iv) Formation of Interim Government: An Interim Government at the Centre consisting of representatives of all communities would be installed on the basis of parity between the representative of the Hindus and Muslims.
(v) Treaty: It would be necessary to work out a treaty between the Constituent Assembly and the United Kingdom for matters arising out of the transfer of power.
(vi) The Union of India would be free to remain in or walk out of the British Commonwealth. The Plan was to be total accepted or rejected.

Q2: What was the reactions of the Congress to the Cabinet Mission Plan.
Ans: (i) The Congress accepted the proposals with reservations. It accepted only that part of the scheme which dealt with the Constitution making.
(ii) It considered the Constituent Assembly as a sovereign body for drafting the Constitution.
(iii) The Congress wanted the grouping of the Provinces as optional and not compulsory.
(iv) The Congress, rejected the viceroy’s offer to form an Interim government because of its limited status and powers and also because the principle of parity with Muslim League was not acceptable to it.

Q3: After the termination of the Second World War the freedom movement entered a new phase. In this context briefly describe the proposals of Lord Wavell.
Ans: The British Government intended to give Dominion Status to India in the future. 

•  Indians would be in charge of creating the new Constitution for India. 
•  The Viceroy’s Executive Council would be made up entirely of Indians, with the exception of the Viceroy and the Commander-in-Chief. 
•  There would be equal representation of Hindus and Muslims in the Viceroy’s Executive Council. 
•  The Governor General would keep the power to veto decisions, but would use this power only to benefit the people of India. 

 This plan closely resembled the one proposed by Sir Stafford Cripps in March 1942. It primarily focused on changing the structure of the Viceroy’s Executive Council in a revised way. 

Q4: The Mountbatten Plan of June 3, 1947, was accepted by ad parties. What were the Four salient features of the Mountbatten Plan.
Ans: The four salient features of the Mountbatten Plan were:
(i) The Constituent Assembly: The existing Constituent Assembly would continue to work, but the Constitution framed by it would not apply to Pakistan. A separate Constituent Assembly would be constituted for those parts of India which decided in favour of partition.
(ii) The Princely States: Treaties with the Princely States would end and they were free to join either of the two dominions or remain independent.
(iii) A Boundary Commission: A Boundary Commission would be formed to demarcate the boundaries of two dominions.
(iv) Division of Country: The country would be divided into two dominions, i.e., India and Pakistan.

Q5: Mention four important reasons for the All India Congress Committee accepting the Mountbatten Plan.
Ans: The Congress accepted the Mountbqtten Plan because:
(i) Any delay in the extension of the British rule was considered harmful in India.
(ii) The Congress was assured that ft was not possible to run the administration of the country jointly.
(iii) It was believed that a smaller India with a strong centre would be more powerful than a larger India with a weak federation and a weak centre.
(iv) The Congress had realised that it would be impossible to work with the Muslim League.

Q6: All parties accepted the Mountbatten Plan of 3rd June, 1947. In this context briefly explain the basis of the partition.
Ans: India and Pakistan were to be established as two separate nations starting on 15th August 1947.

• Pakistan was to include Sindh, British Baluchistan, the North West Frontier Province, West Punjab, and East Bengal. The exact borders of West Punjab and East Bengal would be decided by a special Boundary Commission created for this purpose.
• Each of the two nations would have a Governor-General appointed by His Majesty. This person would act as the leader of their respective nation, representing His Majesty.
• Both nations would have their own Legislature, which would have full power to create laws. Any law made by the United Kingdom Parliament or orders after 15th August 1947 would not apply to either nation.
• The Constituent Assembly of each nation would have the authority to act as the main legislative body.
• Both the Governor-General of India and Pakistan would have complete powers necessary to enforce the Indian Independence Act of 1947.
• The Secretary of State would no longer have the authority to appoint any future officers in the Civil Service.
• There were plans in place for the orderly separation of the Armed Forces between the two nations, which would take control over them from that point forward.

Q7: Why did the Muslim League observe the Direct Action Day?
Ans: (i) Result of the Constituent Assembly: Elections for the Constituent Assembly were held in July, 1946. Congress won 212 seats out of 298 seats and got comfortable majority in the Assembly. The League feared that it would be outvoted in the Assembly.
(ii) Rejection of its demands and formation of Interim Government by the Congress: The League demanded the establishment of two different Constituent Assemblies which were rejected by the Cabinet Mission.
On 14th August, 1946 the Viceroy invited the Congress to form the Interim Government at the Centre and offer was accepted by the Congress. At this M. A. Jinnah felt angry and attacked both the Cabinet Mission and the Viceroy and declared that the Muslims should say good-bye to the Constitutional methods and prepare for self-defence and self-preservation by resort to direct action.

Q8: What were the main provisions of the Indian Independence Act?
Ans:

• Partition: The Act created two new independent countries, India and Pakistan. Pakistan included the regions of East Bengal, West Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, the North-West Frontier Province, and the Sylhet district in Assam.
• Area of India: India was to include all the other areas that were part of British India.
• Constituent Assembly: There were two distinct Constituent Assemblies for each country, which would act as their central legislatures.
• Princely States: The Princely States gained independence, and all powers that were held by the British were ended.
• Abolition of the Secretary of State: The position of Secretary of State for India was removed.
• Governor General: Each country would have a Governor General as a constitutional leader, who would operate according to the preferences of the ministers.
• Division of Assets and Army: There were provisions to protect the interests of existing officers appointed by the Secretary of State, ensuring that no new appointments would be made in the future.

Q9: What were the factors which were responsible for the creation of Pakistan?
Ans: (i) Divide and Rule Policy of Britishers: From the first day the Britishers policy of Divide and Rule to attain their motive was responsible for partition of India.
(ii) Two Nations Theory of Jinnah: The Muslim League under the leadership of Jinnah began to think that the Hindus and Muslims belonged two different Nations. The Direct Action Day led to the communal riots which engulfed whole India.
(iii) Failure of Interim Government: Due to the non-co-operative attitude of the Muslims League the Interim Government totally failed and was unable to control the law and order situation during the communal fights.
(iv) The Conflict between the Congress and the League: Muslim league was established in 1906. After its formation it played a major role in widening the gulf between the Hindus and the Muslims. Both the parties never tried to co-operate with each other.

Q10: How did Lord Mountbatten planned to solve the communal problem existing in India?
Ans: Lord Mountbatten came to a conclusion that partition of the India was the only solution to the existing communal problem in India. Therefore in his plan, he proposed;
(i) That the country would be divided into two Dominions, that is, India and Pakistan.
(ii) The Princely States can either choose between the two countries or resort to remain independent.
(iii) A plebiscite would be held in the North-West Frontier Province to ascertain their choice between the two Dominions.
(iv) The Provinces of Assam, Bengal and Punjab would be divided and the boundaries would be delineated.

Q11: Mention the reasons that‘made the Congress accept the Partition Proposals.
Ans:  The main reasons that led the Congress to agree to the partition proposals were: 

• Communal riots had escalated significantly due to the "Direct Action Day" organized by the Muslim League. 
•  The Muslim League joined the Interim Government with the intention to create obstacles rather than to help, which made it challenging for any Congress minister to work properly. 
•  The only other option besides partition was a federation with a weak central government. 
•  The leaders believed that partition would eliminate the separate electorates and other unfair practices in the constitution. 
•  The leaders were concerned that any further delay in transferring power could lead India towards a Civil War. 

Picture Based Questions

Q1: Answer the following:

(i) The given picture shows the flag of which party.
(ii) When was this party established? What were the three guiding principles of the party.
Ans: (i) The given picture shows the flag of Indian National Army (INA).
(ii) This part was established on 1st September, 1942. Three guiding principles of the INA were unity, faith and justice.

Q2: Answer the following:

(i) Name the gentlemen in the picture along with Gandhi.
(ii) Name the party which he independently formed within the Congress. When this party was formed.
Ans: (i) Subhash Chandra Bose.
(ii) The party which he independently formed within the Congress was Forward Block. This party was formed on May 3, 1939.