Morning Star Textbook Solutions: United Nations (Origin and Purpose) | History and Civics Class 10 ICSE PDF Download

Very Short Questions

Q1: Name the first international organisation, which was set-up with an objective to put an end to wars. When was such an organisation established?
Ans: The first international organisation set up to end wars was the United Nations, established on 24th October 1945.

Q2: Name the Nations, which approved a declaration known as ‘London Declaration’.
Ans: The nations that approved the 'London Declaration' were Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

Q3: Who declared the “Atlantic Charter”?
Ans: The "Atlantic Charter" was declared by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Q4: When was the UN Charter signed? How many countries signed that ‘Charter’?
Ans: The UN Charter was signed on 26th June 1945, and 50 countries signed it.

Q5: Name the document that brought the United Nations into being.
Ans: The document that brought the United Nations into being is the United Nations Charter.

Q6: When is the UN day Celebrated?
Ans: UN Day is celebrated on 24th October.

Q7: Where the headquarter of United Nations located?
Ans: The headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York City, USA.

Q8: Name the official language of the United Nations.
Ans: The official languages of the United Nations are English, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese.

Q9: When was the term ‘United Nations’ used for the first time?
Ans: The term 'United Nations' was used for the first time on 1st January 1942.

Q10: Who appoints the Secretary General of the United Nations?
Ans: The Secretary-General of the United Nations is appointed by the General Assembly, based on the recommendation of the Security Council.

Q11: What do you understand by the abbreviation UNO? When was it formed and where?
Ans: UNO stands for the United Nations Organisation. It was formed on 24th October 1945 in San Francisco.

Q12: Which organisation was the predecessor of the UNO?
Ans: The League of Nations, established in 1920 after World War I, was the predecessor of the UNO.

Q13: Who are the five permanent members of the UNO?
Ans: The five permanent members of the UNO are the UK, USA, USSR, China, and France.

Q14: What is meant by the term ‘Veto Power’ which is enjoyed by the Permanent Members of UN?
Ans: Veto power refers to the ability of a permanent member of the Security Council to reject or block any decision.l.

Q15: Name the official languages of UNO.
Ans: The six official languages of the UNO are English, French, Chinese, Russian, Spanish, and Arabic.

Q16: Where is the UN Charter preserved?
Ans: The UN Charter is preserved in the United States National Archives, as stated in Article 3 of the Charter.

Q17: Does the Charter provide for withdrawal of membership from the UNO?
Ans: No, the UN Charter is silent about the withdrawal of membership from the UNO.

Q18: Which languages are permitted to be used as official languages of International Court of Justice?
Ans: The official languages of the International Court of Justice are English and French.

Q19: Where is the International Court of Justice situated?
Ans: The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, Netherlands.

Q20: When was the United Nations Flag adopted? What is it like?
Ans: The United Nations Flag was adopted on 20th October 1947. It features the UN emblem in white at the center on a light blue background.

Q21: When did the United Nations officially came into existence?
Ans: The United Nations officially came into existence on 24th October 1945.

Short Questions – I

Q1: Briefly point out the purpose of setting up the United Nations Organisation.
Ans: The United Nations Organisation was set up to maintain peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, and achieve international cooperation. It serves as a center for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve common goals.

Q2: What is the eligibility criterion for UN membership?
Ans: Membership in the United Nations Organisation is open to all peace-loving nations that believe in the principles of the UN and accept its obligations, as stated in Article 4 of the UN Charter.

Q3: How can a member be admitted in the UN?
Ans: A member is admitted by a decision of the General Assembly with a two-thirds majority, upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

Q4: What do you understand by the term ‘Original Members’? Was India an original member?
Ans: 'Original members' refers to the states that signed the Washington Declaration on 1st January 1942 or participated in the San Francisco Conference of 1945. India was one of the original members.

Q5: How many representatives can a country send to the U.N.O. and how many votes do they enjoy?
Ans: A country can send up to five representatives, but each country has only one vote. The 'Big Five'—USA, UK, Russia, China, and France—also have veto power.

Q6: Mention any two main aims of the United Nations.
Or
State the most important reason for the formation of U.N.O.
Ans: 
(i) To maintain international peace and security.
(ii) To develop friendly relations among nations.

Q7: Name the five major countries who signed the UN Charter.
Ans: The five major countries that signed the UN Charter were China, France, USSR, Britain, and the USA.

Q8: What factors led to the formation of the United Nations Organisation?
Ans: The devastation caused by the World Wars, economic depression, mutual distrust among nations, arms races, and the need for reconstruction after the wars led to the formation of the United Nations Organisation in 1945.

Q9: Who exercises the power of veto?
Ans: The permanent members of the Security Council—the USA, UK, Russia, China, and France—exercise the veto power.

Q10: Name the leaders who brought about the Atlantic Charter. Where were the talks held?
Ans: The Atlantic Charter was brought about by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The talks were held on a battleship in the North Atlantic on 14th August 1941.

Q11: What was the Washington Declaration? How many Nations signed it?
Ans: The Washington Declaration was promulgated on 1st January 1942 by 26 nations, pledging to continue the fight against the Axis Powers and agreeing not to make separate peace treaties with them.

Q12: Which conference saw Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin actually meeting and for what purpose?
Ans: Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin met at the Tehran Conference held from 28th November to 2nd December 1943 to discuss the post-war world order and the formation of an international organisation.

Q13: Where and when the first draft of United Nations Charter was drawn by whom?
Ans: The first draft of the UN Charter was drawn up during the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, held in Washington from September to October 1944, by representatives of China, Great Britain, USSR, and the USA.

Q14: When and with what purpose was the Yalta Conference held?
Ans: The Yalta Conference was held from 4th to 11th February 1945 in the Soviet Union. The purpose was to decide on the structure of the UNO and discuss the future of Europe after the war.

Q15: What does the UN Charter consist of?
Ans: The UN Charter consists of 19 chapters and 111 articles, outlining the aims, principles, rules, and regulations for the functioning of the United Nations.

Short Questions – II

Q1: When and where was the London Declaration held? Which Nations participated in bringing it about and with what objective?
Ans: The London Declaration was held in June 1941 at St. James’s Palace in London. Representatives from Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa participated, aiming to create an organisation that could prevent war and aggression and form a more effective world organisation than the League of Nations.

Q2: What do you understand by Moscow Declaration? Name the countries who signed it.
Ans: The Moscow Declaration was signed in October 1943 by the UK, USA, Soviet Union, and China, recognizing the need to establish an international organisation based on the sovereign equality of all peace-loving nations to maintain global peace and security.

Q3: What is the importance of the San Francisco Conference? When was it held?
Ans: The San Francisco Conference was held from April to June 1945. It was significant because it led to the creation of the UN Charter, which was adopted on 26th June 1945. The conference marked the foundation of the United Nations Organisation.

Q4: Write short notes on:
(i) The Washington Declaration
(ii) Dumbarton Oaks Conference 
(iii) Yalta Conference
Ans: 
(i) The Washington Declaration, signed on 1st January 1942, was a pledge by 26 nations to continue the fight against the Axis Powers and not to make separate peace treaties with them.
(ii) The Dumbarton Oaks Conference, held in September-October 1944, laid the groundwork for the creation of the United Nations by formulating the first draft of the UN Charter.
(iii) The Yalta Conference, held from 4th-11th February 1945, was attended by Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin to decide on the structure of the UNO and discuss post-war Europe.

Q5: Mention any three principles of UNO.
Ans: The organization associated with the emblem is the United Nations Organization. Its three principles are:
(i) The sovereign equality of all its members.
(ii) Members should settle their international disputes peacefully.
(iii) The UNO will not interfere in the internal affairs of any country.

Q6: How U.N.O. develop friend relations among nations.
Ans: The UNO works to develop friendly relations by promoting respect for equal rights, fostering a spirit of brotherhood, and encouraging cooperation in various social, economic, and cultural areas among nations.

Q7: Name the principal judicial organ of U. N. O. and explain its composition.
Ans: The principal judicial organ of the UNO is the International Court of Justice (ICJ). It consists of 15 judges elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council for a 9-year term. The judges work with a quorum of 9, and decisions are made by a majority vote.

Q8: Discuss the role of U.N.O. in solving international problems.
Ans: The UNO plays a crucial role in solving international problems by promoting cooperation in social, economic, cultural, and humanitarian fields. Its bodies, like the Economic and Social Council, work towards achieving peace, human rights, and global development.

Q9: Who can become the member of U. N. O.?
Ans: The head quarters of this organization are located in New York City. Its European office is in Geneva.
It membership is open to all peace loving nations which agree with the objectives of the U.N. and are ready to abide by its principles. The admission, suspension and expulsion of members is decided by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the security council by a 2/3rd Majority of Votes. Almost all countries of the world are its Members now.

Q10: On what grounds, can a member be suspended or expelled from the UNO?
Ans: A member can be suspended if it is in violation of the principles of the UN Charter, following an enforcement action by the Security Council. A member that persistently violates the Charter can be expelled by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.

Long Questions

Q1: Name the important declarations and conferences which took place before the formation of the Untied Nations Organisation.
Ans: The following were the important declarations and conferences which brought about the formation of the United Nations Organisation finally:
(i) The London Declaration, 1941
(ii) The Atlantic Charter, 1941
(iii) The Declaration of the United Nations, 1942
(iv) The Moscow Conference, 1943
(v) The Tehran Conference, 1943
(vi) The Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 1944
(vii) The Yalta Conference, 1945
(viii) Committee of Jurists meeting, 1945
(ix) The San Francisco Conference, 1945

Q2: What did the Atlantic Charter (14-8-41) aim at?
Ans: The Atlantic Charter aimed at:
(i) Maintaining international peace and security.
(ii) Encouraging international cooperation and friendly relations in various spheres.
(iii) Recognising the fundamental rights and equal status of all nations.
(iv) Upholding the right to self-determination and the right of nations to form their own government and constitution.

Q3: State briefly the terms of Atlantic Charter of dated 14-8-41.
Ans: The terms agreed upon by Roosevelt and Churchill were:
(i) No territorial expansion without the people's consent.
(ii) Recognition of each state’s right to draft its constitution and form a government.
(iii) Sovereignty and equality of all states, large or small.
(iv) Full economic cooperation and peaceful settlement of disputes.

Q4: What factors made it imperative to form a worldwide organisation the United Nations Organisation in 1945?
Ans: The need for the United Nations arose due to:
(i) The devastation caused by World Wars and the need to prevent future conflicts.
(ii) The desire to promote friendly relations among nations.
(iii) The necessity for international cooperation to address global issues.
(iv) The need for social equality and human rights protection worldwide.

Q5: Regarding the origin of the United Nation make a brief description of the following Declarations:
(i) The London Declaration 
(ii) The Atlantic Charter
Ans: 
(i) In 1941 the representatives of Canada, Britain, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa met in London to establish an organisation to maintain international peace and security.
(ii) In 1941, the U.S. President D. Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issued a declaration known as the Atlantic Charter.
The main objectives of the Charter were:
(i) to respect each others sovereignty and territorial integrity.
(ii) to maintain international peace and security.
(iii) to encourage disarmament.
(iv) to promote economic, cultural and social cooperation.
(v) to recognise the fundamental rights and status of all people.

Q6: Mention the Guiding principles of UNO.
Ans: 
(i) Sovereign equality of all members.
(ii) Peaceful settlement of disputes.
(iii) Non-interference in the internal affairs of countries.
(iv) Full cooperation in the workings of the UNO.
(v) Ensuring the fulfillment of obligations under the Charter.

Q7: Briefly state the aims and objectives of the United Nations Organisation.
Ans: The United Nations Organisation aimed at:
(i) Saving the succeeding generations from the scourge of war.
(ii) To re-affirm faith in Fundamental Human Rights, in the dignity and worth of human person, in the equal rights of men and women and nations large and small.
(iii) To establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of internationals law can be maintained.
(iv) To promote social progress and better standard of life in larger freedom.

Q8: Name the main obligations laid down in the UN Charter for its members to observe?
Ans: The United Nations members are to follow certain principles, they are as under:
(i) Sovereign equality of all members.
(ii) All members have to fulfill their agreement as set forth by the Charter
(iii) Settlement of international disputes arising among the members to-be settled by peaceful means without resorting to war or aggression.
(iv) Abstaining from the threat or use of force against any State.
(v) Providing assistance to UN and to act in accordance with the principles of UN and UN decisions must be accepted in all respects.
(vi) Non interference by the UN in the internal affairs of any country.

Q9: What do you know about the membership in the UNO and their obligations?
Ans: The membership of UNO is open to all peace loving Nations big or small. According to the Article 3 of UN Charter original members are those who signed the Washington Declaration of January 1942 or those who took part in the San Francisco Conference in 1945. Those members who joined the UNO later are known as new members. According to Article 4 of the UN Charter membership of United Nations is open to all peace loving nations which are able and willing to carry out obligations contained in UN Charter. These are:
(i) Sovereign equality of all member nations.
(ii) Fulfilment of all Charter obligations.
(iii) Settlement of international disputes by peaceful means.
(iv) Abstaining from the threat or use of force against any State.
(v) Providing assistance to UN.
(vi) Non-member also act in accordance with the principles of UN.
(vii) Non-intervention by the UN in the domestic jurisdiction of States.

Q10: Discuss he role of UNO in maintain the international peace and security.
Ans: 

• The United Nations Organisation undertook the gigantic three dimensional task of peace keeping, peace making and peace building in a world which had just been a victim of a devastating world war.
• Thus, the primary function of the UNO is to maintain international peace and security. This includes collective effective measures for prevention and removal of threats to peace, and suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of peace. To bring about through peaceful means, adhering to principles of justice and international law adjustment and settlement of international disputes.
• Thus the cause of action for UNO arises when there is threat to peace, or actual aggression causing breach of peace. The means for settling disputes are recommended to be peaceful but where suppression of aggression is required the Security Council is authorized to use military operations. For instance in Korea, Palestine and Congo and in the Gulf War the UN military forces played a decisive role.

Q11: What measures were suggested for fulfilling the aims of the UNO?
Ans: To fulfill the aims and objectives of the United Nations organisation suggested:
(i) To practice tolerance and living together in peace with one another as good neigh-bourse.
(ii) To unite our strength to maintain international peace and security.
(iii) To ensure, by acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, except in common interest.
(iv) To employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all people.

Q12: What were the underlying principles upheld by the aims of the United Nations Organisation as stated in the preamble of the UN Charter?
Ans: 
The principles include:
(i) Fundamental human rights and dignity.
(ii) Equal rights for men and women, large and small nations.
(iii) Respect for treaties and obligations.
(iv) Promotion of social progress and better standards of life.
(v) Unity for international peace and security.

Picture Based Questions

Q1: Answer the following:

(i) Where did the incident take place as depicted in the picture?
(ii) What was the historical importance of this incident?
Ans:
(i) This incident took place on the US Naval base at Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii.
(ii) The historical importance of this incidence is that after this attack, the US declared war on Japan and the other Axis Powers (Germany and Italy).