Division Chapter Notes | Mental Maths - Class 1 PDF Download

What is Division?

Division is the process of splitting a number into equal parts. It is the opposite of multiplication. When we divide, we want to share something equally among different groups or people.

For example:

• If you have 16 apples and you want to share them equally among 4 friends, how many apples will each friend get?
• 16 ÷ 4 = 4 apples per friend.

So, 16 is divided by 4 and each friend gets 4 apples.

Key Terms in Division

1. Dividend: The number that you want to divide.

   • Example: In 12 ÷ 4 = 3, 12 is the dividend.

2. Divisor: The number by which you divide.

   • Example: In 12 ÷ 4 = 3, 4 is the divisor.

3. Quotient: The answer to a division problem.

   • Example: In 12 ÷ 4 = 3, 3 is the quotient.

4. Remainder: Sometimes when you divide, there might be something left over. That leftover part is called the remainder.

   • Example: If you divide 13 by 4, the answer is 3 with 1 leftover. So, 13 ÷ 4 = 3 remainder 1.

How to Divide?

Here are some simple steps to help you divide:

Step 1: Understand the Division Problem

• Look at the numbers carefully. What is the dividend (the number being divided) and what is the divisor (the number you're dividing by)?

Step 2: Divide the Dividend by the Divisor

• You can either do this by repeated subtraction or by using multiplication tables.

Step 3: Find the Quotient

• The quotient is the number of equal parts after division.

Step 4: Check for Remainder

• Sometimes when you divide, there may be a part left. That part is called the remainder.

Examples of Division

Example 1: Simple Division

• 12 ÷ 3 = 4
• If you have 12 sweets and you want to divide them equally among 3 friends, each friend will get 4 sweets.

Example 2: Division with Remainder

• 13 ÷ 4 = 3 remainder 1
• If you have 13 chocolates and want to divide them equally among 4 people, each person will get 3 chocolates and there will be 1 chocolate left over.

Division Using Multiplication Table

We can also use multiplication tables to help us divide. For example:

• If you need to divide 20 ÷ 5, you can use the multiplication table of 5.
• 5 × 4 = 20.
• So, 20 ÷ 5 = 4.

Short Division Method

This method is useful for dividing large numbers. Let's look at an example:

Example: 98 ÷ 7

1. Step 1: Divide the first digit (9) by 7

   • 7 goes into 9 one time (since 7 × 1 = 7).
   • Write 1 above the 9.

2. Step 2: Subtract

   • 9 - 7 = 2.

3. Step 3: Bring down the next digit (8)

   • Now we have 28.

4. Step 4: Divide 28 by 7

   • 7 goes into 28 four times (since 7 × 4 = 28).
   • Write 4 above the 8.

5. Step 5: Subtract

   • 28 - 28 = 0.

6. Final Answer:

   98 ÷ 7 = 14.

Word Problems on Division

Problem 1:

• Mary has 24 marbles. She wants to divide them equally between her 6 friends. How many marbles will each friend get?
• Solution: 24 ÷ 6 = 4 marbles per friend.

Problem 2:

• There are 15 biscuits in a box. If 3 children want to share the biscuits equally, how many biscuits will each child get?
• Solution: 15 ÷ 3 = 5 biscuits per child.

Division Facts to Remember:

1. Any number divided by 1 is the number itself.

   • Example: 10 ÷ 1 = 10.

2. Any number divided by itself is 1.

   • Example: 8 ÷ 8 = 1.

3. When dividing by 0, the answer is undefined.

   • Example: 10 ÷ 0 does not have an answer because you cannot divide by zero.