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Morning Star Textbook Solutions: Programme and Achievements of the Early Nationalists | History and Civics Class 10 ICSE PDF Download

Very Short Questions


Q1: Name the sections into which the Congress was divided from its very inception.
Ans:
The Congress was initially divided into the Moderates and the Assertives.

Q2: During which period did the Moderates dominate the Congress?
Ans: 
The Moderates were in control of the Congress from 1885 to 1905.

Q3: Name any three important leaders of the Moderates.
Or
Name two leaders of the Moderates.
Ans: 
The three important leaders of the moderates were:
(i) Dadabhai Naoroji (ii) Surendra Nath Banerjee (iii) Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Q4: What were the early nationalists called?
Ans:
They were known as the ‘Moderates’.

Q5: Why were the early nationalists called ‘Moderates’?
Ans: 
The early nationalists trusted the British sense of justice, which is why their demands and methods earned them the title of ‘Moderates’.

Q6: Who were the Moderates?
Ans: 
The Moderates were early nationalists who believed that the British had a sense of justice in their governance.

Q7: State any two demands of the Moderates in respect of economic reforms.
Ans: 
(i) Protection for Indian industries. (ii) Reduction of land revenue.

Q8: State any two demands of the Moderates in respect of political reforms.
Ans:
(i) Expansion of Legislative Councils. (ii) Separation of the Executive and Judiciary.

Q9: Mention two demands of the Moderates in respect of administrative reforms.
Ans: 
(i) Indianisation of Civil Services. (ii) Repeal of Arms Act.

Q10: What did the Moderates advocate in the field of civil rights?
Ans: 
The Moderates opposed restrictions on freedom of speech, press, and association.

Q11: Name the moderate leader who explained the economic drain theory during the colonial times.
Ans: 
Dadabhai Naoroji.

Q12: Who was-called ‘The Grand Old Man of India’?
Or
Who was known as ‘India’s unofficial ambassador in England’?
Ans:
Dadabhai Naoroji.

Q13: What according to Dadabhai Naoroji the single cause of India’s poverty.
Ans: 
According to Dadabhai Naoroji, the main cause of India’s poverty was the British economic policies in India.

Q14: Name Dadabhai Naoroji’s work, which exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British.
Ans: 
Dadabhai Naoroji’s book, Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, revealed the economic exploitation by the British.

Q15: When and by whom was the association of Calcutta organised?
Or
Name the regional association Surendranath Banerjee was associated with.
Ans:
The Indian Association of Calcutta was founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee in 1870.

Q16: Where and when did the National Conference founded by Surendranath Banerjee has its first meeting?
Ans:
The National Conference founded by Surendranath Banerjee had its first meeting in Calcutta in December 1883.

Q17: Who is called the ‘Father of the Nationalist Movement’ in India?
Ans:
Surendranath Banerjee the first Indian to qualify for the Indian Civil Service Examination.

Q18: When was the Servants of Indian Society founded? Who was its founder?
Or
Who founded the servants of Indian Society?
Ans:
The Servants of Indian Society was founded in 1906. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was its founder.

Q19: State the aim of ‘The Servants of Indian Society.’
Ans:
The aim of ‘The Servants of Indian Society’ was to train national missionaries for service of India and promote the true interests of the Indian people by constitutional means alone.

Q20: What did Gokhale do for the farming community in India?
Ans:
Gokhale impressed upon the Government to reduce the land revenue and also to repeal the production tax on cotton, as both of these affected the farming community.

Q21: What did Gokhale advise his countrymen to do for their welfare during the British rule?
Ans:
Gokhale was an idealist. He requested his countrymen to be cautious and move slowly. He favoured the use of constitutional means to achieve his aims.

Short Questions 


Q1: Mention the main aims of the early nationalists.
Ans:
The early nationalists aimed to:
(i) Educate people about modern politics.
(ii) Raise national and political awareness.
(iii) Build a unified public opinion on political matters.

Q2: State briefly the attitude of Moderates towards the British.
Or
Mention the reasons for the moderates faith in the British sense of justice.
Ans:
The Moderates did not seek to overthrow British rule through violence. They showed loyalty to the British Government and believed that British rule was beneficial to India. They trusted the British to guide Indian politics.

Q3: The early nationalists realized that the British Government did not do anything to remove the economic backwardness of the country. They demanded certain economic reforms. Mention any two.
Ans:
(i) They called for a reduction in land revenue and the provision of affordable credit for farmers.
(ii) They advocated for the swift development of modern industries.

Q4: The early nationalists demanded a few constitutional reforms. Mention any two of them.
Ans: 
(i) The nationalists sought an increase in the number of Indians in the Legislative Councils.
(ii) They demanded the separation of executive and judicial powers.

Q5: Name any four prominent leaders who co-operated with A.O. Hume in launching the Congress.
Ans: 
Dadabhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyabji, Surendra Nath Banerjee, and Feroz Shah Mehta were some of the prominent leaders who worked with A.O. Hume in founding the Indian National Congress.

Q6: Name the moderate leaders. Why were they called so?
Ans:
Dadabhai Naoroji, W.C. Bonnerjee, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale were the moderate leaders. They were referred to as "moderates" because their demands were moderate and they advocated for constitutional methods to achieve their goals.

Q7: Mention any two achievements of the Moderates.
Ans
: (i) The Moderates did not have the support of the masses. The movement did not have wide appeal and the area of their influence was limited to urban community.
(ii) The Moderates used half hearted measures when they were treated with contempt by the British.

Q8: Briefly state any two points of criticism levelled against the Moderates.
Ans:
(i) The Moderates did not have the support of the masses. The movement did not have wide appeal and the area of their influence was limited to urban community.
(ii) The Moderates used half hearted measures when they were treated with contempt by the British.

Q9: Brief about the opposition made by the Moderates for defnece of Civil Rights
Ans:
Defence of Civil Rights: The moderates firmly opposed the restrictions imposed by the Britishers on the freedom of speech, press and association. They demanded the scrapping of the Preventive Detention Act and restoration of individual liberties.

Q10: Who organised the East India Association in London? When and why was it organized?
Or
Who founded the ‘East India Association’?
Or
Name the regional association Dadabhai Naoroji was associated with.
Ans:
Dadabhai Naoroji organized the East India Association in London. It was organized in 1866. Dadabhai Naoroji felt that the British were basically just and fair, but he wanted to make the British conscious towards the grievances of Indian people so that they could find a remedy for their ills.

Q11: Mention two objectives of the congress as enumerated by W.C. Bonnerjee.
Ans:
According to W.C. Bonnerjee, the two objectives of the Congress were:
(i) To facilitate the personal acquaintance of national workers from all parts of India.
(ii) To eliminate racial, religious, and provincial biases and foster a sense of national unity among all patriots of the country.

Q12: Who founded the Indian Association? Why was the Association founded?
Ans:
The Indian Association was founded by Surendra Nath Banerjee. It was established to challenge injustices and to demand that Indians be treated equally to Europeans, especially in terms of recruitment to the Indian Civil Service.

Q13: Mention two acts against which Surendra Nath Banerjee protested?
Ans:
Surendra Nath Banerjee protested against the reduction of the age limit for the civil service examination from 21 to 19 years in 1877. He also strongly opposed the Arms Act and the Vernacular Press Act, both passed in 1878.

Q14: State two policies of the British which were opposed by Gokhale.
Ans:
(i) Gokhale worked relentlessly to reduce the toll tax and advocated for more Indians to be appointed to high-level positions.
(ii) He opposed Lord Curzon's decision to divide Bengal and to impose government control over universities.

Short Questions


Q1: “Moderates laid the foundation of the National movement.” Discuss.
Ans:
Honestly speaking, the early nationalists are to be considered as the builders of modem India. They laid die foundation of a very strong National Movement, which overpowered one of the greatest imperialistic powers of the world and forced to grant independence after having ruled ruthlessly for two hundred years.
The failures of the early nationalists were the source of strength which needed so earnestly to get independence.

Q2: Mention the methods adopted by Moderates.
Ans:
The methods of the moderates were:
(i) Sending petitions to the Government officials.
(ii) Sending memorandums to the officers.
(iii) Passing resolutions.
(iv) Sending delegations to England.
(v) Organising meeting in cities, towns and villages, and
(v) Distribution of leaflets and pamplets.

Q3: Mention two contributions of Dadabhai Naoroji to the National Movement.
Ans: 
Dadabhai Naoroji's Contributions:
(i) He established the East India Association in London in 1866, which aimed to provide British citizens and Members of Parliament with information on Indian affairs. It raised the concerns of Indians and proposed solutions, with branches in Bombay (Mumbai), Calcutta (Kolkata), and Madras (Chennai).
(ii) He founded the Bombay Association, edited the newspaper Rast Goftar (Speaker of Truth), and launched Dharma Marg Darshak magazine. He led movements against the Vernacular Press Act, the harsh treatment of peasants by Zamindars, and spoke out against the British economic exploitation of India, which he detailed in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India.

Q4: Who was known as “India’s Unofficial Ambassador in England”? What were his views on the cause of poverty in India?
Ans:
Dadabhai Naoroji was called "India’s Unofficial Ambassador in England." In his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, he exposed the exploitative nature of British rule in India. He introduced the concept of the “Drain of Wealth,” arguing that this exploitation needed to stop for India’s progress. Elected to the House of Commons in 1892, he raised the issue of Indian poverty in Parliament and advocated for the appointment of Indians to higher government positions. He supported the resolution for Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott, and National Education during his presidency and founded the East India Association.

Q5: Mention in brief the methods, advocated by Surendranath Banerjee for the attainment of political goals.
Ans: 
Surendranath Banerjee founded the Indian National Conference in 1883, which provided a platform for Moderates to discuss political issues. Initially, this organization worked independently, but when it aligned with the National Union, they merged to form the Indian National Congress. Banerjee advocated for achieving political goals through constitutional methods, such as petitions, resolutions, public meetings, and discussions.

Q6: Describe the attitude of the British towards Moderates.
Ans:
Initially, the British were not opposed to the Congress (Moderates) and allowed them to hold sessions. However, as Congress leaders began to criticize British policies and the despotic nature of the government, British hostility toward the Congress emerged. They adopted a 'Divide and Rule' policy to suppress Congress's activities.

Q7: Explain the major ideological differences which emerged amongst the leaders within the first twenty years of the foundation of this organization.
Ans:
Within the first twenty years of the Congress’s formation, ideological differences emerged between the leaders. The liberal nationalists, or Moderates, opposed agitation or unconstitutional methods. They preferred peaceful means to achieve political goals, such as:
(i) Petitions to high government officials,
(ii) Resolutions,
(iii) Organizing meetings in towns, cities, and rural areas,
(iv) Distributing leaflets and pamphlets,
(v) Preparing memorandums for government committees, and
(vi) Sending delegations to England. These petitions and memorandums aimed to alleviate the negative effects of British rule but not to end it.

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FAQs on Morning Star Textbook Solutions: Programme and Achievements of the Early Nationalists - History and Civics Class 10 ICSE

1. What were the main objectives of the Early Nationalists in India?
Ans. The Early Nationalists aimed to achieve several objectives, including the promotion of political awareness among the masses, the demand for constitutional reforms, the establishment of a representative government, and the social and economic upliftment of the Indian populace. They wanted to create a platform for dialogue with the British government to address Indian grievances and sought to unite various sections of society for the national movement.
2. How did the Early Nationalists plan to achieve their goals?
Ans. The Early Nationalists employed various strategies to achieve their goals, including the formation of associations and organizations, such as the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885. They organized meetings, wrote petitions, and used newspapers to spread their message. Additionally, they aimed to engage with the British government through constitutional means, advocating for reforms and greater Indian representation in governance.
3. Who were some prominent leaders among the Early Nationalists?
Ans. Some prominent leaders among the Early Nationalists included Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Annie Besant. These leaders played crucial roles in shaping the nationalist movement, articulating the demands of the Indian people, and fostering unity among different communities to challenge British rule.
4. What achievements did the Early Nationalists accomplish by the end of the 19th century?
Ans. By the end of the 19th century, the Early Nationalists achieved several notable accomplishments, including the establishment of the Indian National Congress as a platform for political action, raising awareness about social issues, and initiating discussions on economic policies detrimental to India. They succeeded in bringing Indian issues to the forefront of British politics and laid the groundwork for future leaders and movements.
5. How did the Early Nationalists influence later movements in India?
Ans. The Early Nationalists laid the foundation for later movements by promoting the idea of self-rule and national identity. Their emphasis on constitutional methods and political engagement influenced subsequent leaders and movements, such as the Extremists and the Gandhian phase of the freedom struggle. They instilled a sense of political consciousness and solidarity among Indians, which became crucial for the larger independence movement in the 20th century.
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