Year 4 Exam > Year 4 Notes > Year 4 Mathematics IGCSE (Cambridge) > Chapter Notes: Probability
Probability Chapter Notes | Year 4 Mathematics IGCSE (Cambridge) PDF Download
Likelihood
- Focuses on understanding and describing the likelihood of events using specific probability terminology.
- Probability helps in understanding the world and making decisions by assessing risks, such as in weather forecasts predicting the likelihood of rain.
- Students learn to use likelihood words to describe the chance of events happening, including:
- Certain: The event will definitely happen.
- Good chance: The event is likely to happen.
- Even chance: The event is equally likely to happen or not happen.
- Poor chance: The event is unlikely to happen.
- No chance: The event will not happen.
- Likely: The event has a high probability of occurring.
- Maybe: The event has an uncertain outcome.
- Involves conducting experiments to investigate the chance of events, such as flipping coins, rolling dice, or spinning spinners.
- Key concepts include:
- Likelihood: The measure of how likely an event is to occur.
- Outcome: A possible result of an experiment or event.
- Example: Assessing the likelihood of a dice landing on 5:
- Possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
- It is not impossible (not "no chance") since 5 is a possible outcome.
- It is not certain since other numbers are also possible.
- Since there are more outcomes that are not 5 (1, 2, 3, 4, 6), the likelihood is a poor chance.
- Applications in real life:
- Farmers and gardeners use likelihood to predict rainfall and sunshine to decide on crop choices.
- Leaders use likelihood to assess possible outcomes for decision-making.
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FAQs on Probability Chapter Notes - Year 4 Mathematics IGCSE (Cambridge)
| 1. What is probability and why is it important in statistics? |  |
Ans. Probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with the likelihood of events occurring. It quantifies uncertainty and helps in making predictions based on data. Understanding probability is crucial in statistics as it forms the foundation for various statistical methods, enabling researchers to draw conclusions from data and make informed decisions.
| 2. How do you calculate the probability of a single event? | |
Ans. The probability of a single event can be calculated using the formula: P(A) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes. For instance, if you want to find the probability of rolling a 3 on a fair six-sided die, there is one favorable outcome (rolling a 3) out of six possible outcomes, so P(rolling a 3) = 1/6.
| 3. What is the difference between independent and dependent events in probability? | |
Ans. Independent events are those where the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of another. For example, flipping a coin and rolling a die are independent events. In contrast, dependent events are those where the outcome of one event influences the outcome of another. For example, drawing cards from a deck without replacement is a scenario with dependent events.
| 4. Can you explain what a probability distribution is? | |
Ans. A probability distribution is a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment. It can be discrete (for countable outcomes, like rolling a die) or continuous (for outcomes over an interval, like measuring heights). Common examples include the binomial distribution for discrete variables and the normal distribution for continuous variables.
| 5. What are some common applications of probability in real life? | |
Ans. Probability is used in many real-life applications, such as risk assessment in finance, predicting weather patterns, quality control in manufacturing, and in various fields of science to analyze data. It helps individuals and organizations make informed decisions based on the likelihood of different outcomes occurring.
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Sep 07, 2025
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