The World around Us Chapter Notes | Geography for Grade 2 PDF Download

Introduction

This chapter is all about the amazing world we live in! We will learn about the sun, the earth, and the moon. We will also find out about different places on earth like hills, mountains, and rivers. The chapter tells us about the solar system, stars, and planets. It explains how the earth moves and what makes our planet so special. Let’s explore everythinga the wonderful things around us!

The Earth

• The earth is round like an orange.
• It is a little flat at the top and bottom.
• The earth is made of land and water.
• We live on the land part.
• The earth has many types of places like hills, valleys, mountains, deserts, and plains. These are called landforms.
• A small model of the earth is called a globe.

Landforms

Landforms are different types of places on the earth:

Hills

• Hills are called highlands.
• They are usually rocky.

Mountains

• Mountains are taller than hills.
• Some mountains have snow on top.
• When the snow melts, it turns into water and makes rivers.

Plains

• Plains are flat areas of land.
• Most people live in plains because it’s easy to live there.
• Plains are good for growing crops and fruits.

Valleys

• Valleys are low areas between hills and mountains.
• The land in valleys is very good for growing plants.

Deserts

• Deserts are places with very little rain.
• They are covered with sand or rocks.
• Very few plants and animals can live in deserts.

Forests

• Forests are big areas full of trees.
• Many animals, birds, and insects live in forests.
• Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water.
• Streams, rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans are all water bodies.

Fun Fact

• An island is a piece of land with water all around it. Australia is the biggest island in the world.
• A plateau is higher than a plain but flat on top like a table. The biggest plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau.

Water Bodies

Three-fourths of the earth is covered with water. Streams, rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans are all water bodies.

Streams and Rivers

• When it is hot, snow on mountains melts into water.
• This water runs down and forms a stream.
• Many streams join together to make a river.

Lakes

• A lake is a big body of fresh or salty water with land all around it.

Seas

• A sea is a big body of water.
• Sea water is salty, so we cannot drink it.
• Sea water is salty because it has minerals that come through rivers.

Oceans

• An ocean is a very big body of water, bigger than a sea.
• There are five big oceans on the earth.

The Sun

• The sun is the center of our solar system.
• The sun gives us heat and light.
• The sun’s energy is called solar energy.
• The sun is the main source of energy on earth.
• The sun is actually a star.
• The sun looks small to us, but it is very big in size.

The Moon

• The moon moves around the earth.
• We see different shapes of the moon every night.
• The moon’s surface is rocky.
• There is no life on the moon because it has no air to breathe and no water to drink.
• Neil Armstrong was the first man to step on the moon in 1969.

The Stars

• Stars shine at night in the sky.
• Some stars are even bigger than the sun, but they look small because they are very far from us.

The Planets

• Planets move around the sun.
• The earth is also a planet.
• There are eight planets in our solar system.
• The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
• The solar system is made of the sun and all the planets that move around it.