Bones and Muscles Chapter Notes | Science Class 2 ICSE PDF Download

Introduction

The chapter "Bones and Muscles" explains how our body gets its shape and moves. Bones and muscles work together to help us stand, walk, run, and do many activities. This chapter also talks about the importance of joints, types of muscles, the need for exercise, good posture, and the role of internal organs in keeping our body healthy and active.

Bones

• Our body has 206 bones that form a framework called the skeleton.
• The skeleton is under the skin and gives shape and support to the body.
• It protects important organs like the brain, heart, lungs, and liver.
• The place where two bones meet is called a joint.
• Joints help us bend, twist, or kick.
• Elbows and knees are examples of joints.
• The thigh bone is the longest bone in the body.
• The smallest bone is in the ear.
• Parts of the body without bones include nails, hair, and teeth.
• Without an elbow joint, we cannot bend our arm.

Muscles

• Muscles are soft parts under the skin.
• There are about 600 muscles in our body.
• Muscles cover bones and help them move.
• Bones and muscles work together for walking, running, and bending.
• Strong muscles help us play and work well.
• Using muscles makes them stronger.
• Not using muscles can make us fat and unfit.

Types of Muscles

• Eye muscles move the eyeball to help us see in all directions.
• Heart muscles help the heart beat and work all the time we are alive.
• Stomach muscles push food for digestion (breaking food into smaller parts).

Regular Exercise

• Healthy food and regular exercise make muscles strong.
• Foods like milk, eggs, and sprouts help build healthy muscles.
• Exercises include running, skipping, brisk walking, swimming, cycling, and skating.

Good Posture

• Posture is how we hold our body while sitting, standing, or walking.
• Correct posture keeps muscles and bones healthy.
• We should not droop shoulders or bend our back while sitting, standing, or walking.
• Good posture makes us healthy and look smart.

Internal Organs

• Internal organs are parts inside our body with special functions.
• The brain helps us think, remember, and control the whole body.
• The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body.
• The lungs help us breathe.
• The stomach helps in digestion of food.