Class 2 Exam > Class 2 Notes > Science Class 2 ICSE > Chapter Notes: Rocks and Minerals
Rocks and Minerals Chapter Notes | Science Class 2 ICSE PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Introduction |
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| Hard Rocks |
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| Soft Rocks |
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| Minerals |
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Introduction
The outer layer of the earth is made of rocks and minerals. Rocks can be found almost everywhere. Rocks can be found in playgrounds, parks, roads, buildings, beaches, mountains, hills and many other places. Some rocks are found at the bottom of the sea also. Rocks can be hard or soft pieces. Minerals are special things inside rocks that make them useful and beautiful.
Hard Rocks
Hard rocks are very strong and tough. They do not break easily, even if you hit them.
- Granite is a very hard rock. It does not break easily. It is mostly used to make floors and kitchen slabs. It is usually reddish-brown, dark grey or green.
- Sandstone is formed from sand particles. It may be yellow, red, brown, grey or white. It is softer than granite. It is mostly used to build temples and forts. Some showpieces are also made of sandstone.
- Marble is a hard rock. It is used for making floors, statues and buildings. Marble is usually white, grey or black. The Taj Mahal is built of white marble.
Soft Rocks
Soft rocks are not as strong as hard rocks. They can break or crumble more easily. Examples are:
- Coal is a soft black rock. It is used as fuel for cooking and also for running engines.
- Chalk is a soft white rock. It is often used for writing on the blackboard.
- Slate is a soft black rock. It is used for making blackboards and roofs of houses.
Minerals
Minerals are like tiny sparkling bits found inside rocks. They are natural and have special uses. Rocks are made of substances called minerals. Some rocks have only one type of mineral. Some rocks may have two or more types of minerals. Examples are:
- Talc is used for making talcum powder. It is white.
- Diamond is the hardest mineral. It is a precious mineral and is used in jewellery. It is also used to cut glass.
- Gold and silver are also used to make jewellery.
- Quartz is used for making the dials of watches.
- Iron is used in buildings, railings and many other things.
- Graphite is a mineral used in pencils to help us write. Some minerals, like diamonds, are very shiny and used in jewellery.
Question for Chapter Notes: Rocks and MineralsTry yourself: What is graphite primarily used for?View Solution
Practice Questions
- What are rocks made of, and where can we find them?
- Name one example of a hard rock and one use of it.
- How is a soft rock different from a hard rock? Give one example of a soft rock.
- What is a mineral, and name one mineral used in pencils?
- Why are minerals important, and give one example of a mineral used>in jewelry?
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FAQs on Rocks and Minerals Chapter Notes - Science Class 2 ICSE
| $1. What are hard rocks and how are they different from soft rocks? |  |
Ans.Hard rocks are types of rocks that are strong and resistant to weathering and erosion, such as granite and basalt. They have a high density and are often used in construction. Soft rocks, like sandstone and limestone, are easier to break and can wear away more quickly due to weathering. The key difference lies in their hardness and durability.
| $2. What are minerals and why are they important? | |
Ans.Minerals are naturally occurring substances that have a definite chemical composition and structure. They are important because they make up rocks and are essential for various processes in the earth, including the formation of soils and the cycling of nutrients. Additionally, many minerals are valuable resources for industry and technology.
| $3. How do we classify rocks? | |
Ans.Rocks are classified into three main categories: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooled molten material, sedimentary rocks are created from the accumulation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rocks due to heat and pressure. Each type has distinct characteristics.
| $4. Can you name some examples of hard and soft rocks? | |
Ans.Examples of hard rocks include granite, basalt, and quartzite, which are often used in buildings and monuments. On the other hand, examples of soft rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale, which are commonly found in landscapes and can be easily shaped or eroded.
| $5. What role do rocks and minerals play in everyday life? | |
Ans.Rocks and minerals are essential in everyday life as they are used in construction (like buildings and roads), manufacturing (such as glass and ceramics), and even in the production of food (minerals in soil). They also contribute to natural resources, like fossil fuels and metals, which are vital for energy and technology.
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Oct 04, 2025
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