Division Chapter Notes | Mathematics Class 4 ICSE PDF Download

Imagine you have a big box of chocolates that you want to share equally with your friends. How do you make sure everyone gets the same number of chocolates? That's where division comes in! Division is like splitting things into equal parts, whether it's sharing snacks, organising toys, or solving fun math problems. In division, the number you start with is called the dividend, the number you divide by is the divisor, and the answer you get is the quotient. In this chapter, we'll explore how to divide numbers using different methods, understand how division connects to multiplication, and even learn how to solve real-life problems. Get ready to dive into the world of division and make sharing fair and fun!

Example:

Kinjal wants to treat 3 friends on her birthday with 12 pastries. How many pastries will each friend get?

• Total pastries = 12 (dividend).
• Number of friends = 3 (divisor).
• Distribute one pastry to each friend: 12 - 3 = 9 pastries left.

• Distribute another pastry to each: 9 - 3 = 6 pastries left.

• Distribute another pastry to each: 6 - 3 = 3 pastries left.

• Distribute one more pastry to each: 3 - 3 = 0 pastries left.

• Each friend gets 4 pastries (12 ÷ 3 = 4, quotient).

Example:

There are 12 ice cubes in a tray. If 2 ice cubes are put in each glass, how many glasses are needed?

• Start with 12 ice cubes (dividend).
• Subtract 2 (divisor) for the first glass: 12 - 2 = 10.
• Subtract 2 for the second glass: 10 - 2 = 8.
• Subtract 2 for the third glass: 8 - 2 = 6.
• Subtract 2 for the fourth glass: 6 - 2 = 4.
• Subtract 2 for the fifth glass: 4 - 2 = 2.
• Subtract 2 for the sixth glass: 2 - 2 = 0.
• 6 subtractions were made, so 6 glasses are needed (12 ÷ 2 = 6, quotient).

Example:

• 12 ÷ 1 = 12 (number divided by 1 is the number itself).
• 19 ÷ 19 = 1 (number divided by itself is 1).
• 0 ÷ 79 = 0 (zero divided by any number is 0).
• 50 ÷ 10 = 5 (number ending in 0 divided by 10).

Example:

For 30 ÷ 6 = 5, find the multiplication facts.

• From 30 ÷ 6 = 5, the quotient is 5, divisor is 6, and dividend is 30.
• First multiplication fact: 5 × 6 = 30.
• Second multiplication fact: 6 × 5 = 30.

Example:

Divide 63 by 3.

• Step 1: Take 6 tens (first digit). 6 ÷ 3 = 2 tens. Write 2 in the tens place of quotient.
• Multiply: 3 × 2 = 6. Subtract: 6 - 6 = 0.

• Step 2: Bring down 3 (ones digit). 3 ÷ 3 = 1 one. Write 1 in the ones place.

• Multiply: 3 × 1 = 3. Subtract: 3 - 3 = 0.

• Quotient is 21 (63 ÷ 3 = 21).

Concept of Remainder

• The remainder is the amount left when the divisor does not divide the dividend completely.
• Steps to find the remainder:
  • Perform long division.
  • The number left after the final subtraction is the remainder.

Example:

Divide 15 by 2.

• 2 goes into 15 seven times: 2 × 7 = 14.
• Subtract: 15 - 14 = 1 (remainder).
• Quotient is 7, remainder is 1.
• Check: (2 × 7) + 1 = 14 + 1 = 15 (matches dividend).

Example:

Divide 336 by 24.

• Step 1: Take 33 (first two digits). 24 × 1 = 24 (less than 33). Write 1 in quotient.
• Subtract: 33 - 24 = 9.

• Step 2: Bring down 6, making 96. 24 × 4 = 96. Write 4 in quotient.
• Subtract: 96 - 96 = 0.

• Quotient is 14 (336 ÷ 24 = 14).

Example:

Divide 115 by 5.

• Step 1: Hundreds digit is 1, less than 5. Take 11 (first two digits). 11 ÷ 5 = 2. Write 2 in quotient.
• Multiply: 5 × 2 = 10. Subtract: 11 - 10 = 1.

• Step 2: Bring down 5, making 15. 15 ÷ 5 = 3. Write 3 in quotient.
• Multiply: 5 × 3 = 15. Subtract: 15 - 15 = 0.

• Quotient is 23 (115 ÷ 5 = 23).
• Check: (5 × 23) + 0 = 115 (matches dividend).

Example:

A school football club has 30 children. They want to form teams with 5 children each. How many teams can they form?

• Total children = 30 (dividend).
• Children per team = 5 (divisor).
• Divide: 30 ÷ 5 = 6.
• 6 teams can be formed.

Example:

Frame 2 word problems for 156 ÷ 6.

• Problem 1: 156 marbles are to be kept in 6 boxes with an equal number in each. How many marbles per box?
  • Solution: 156 ÷ 6 = 26 marbles per box.
• Problem 2: 156 toffees are distributed among children so each gets 6 toffees. How many children get toffees?
  • Solution: 156 ÷ 6 = 26 children.