Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Social Studies (SST) Class 10 > Mnemonics: Federalism
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1. What is Federalism?
Mnemonic: FEDERAL
- F - Forms two levels of government (central and state).
- E - Ensures power division in the constitution.
- D - Divides authority between central and regional governments.
- E - Empowers states, not controlled by the center.
- R - Recognizes regional needs, unlike unitary systems.
- A - Allows both levels to govern the same citizens.
- L - Limits central control over states.
Explanation: "FEDERAL" explains how federalism splits power to balance unity and regional needs.
2. Seven Key Features of Federalism
Mnemonic: FEATURES
- F - Forms multiple government levels (central, state).
- E - Ensures distinct roles for each level.
- A - Anchors powers in the constitution.
- T - Takes approval from both levels for changes.
- U - Uses courts to settle disputes.
- R - Reserves revenue for each government level.
- E - Encourages unity and regional diversity.
- S - Supports mutual trust in power sharing.
Explanation: "FEATURES" lists the key aspects of how federalism works.
3. What Makes India a Federal Country?
Mnemonic: INDIAN
- I - Includes power division in the Constitution.
- N - Names India as a Union of States.
- D - Divides powers between center and states.
- I - Introduces three lists (Union, State, Concurrent).
- A - Adds third tier (Panchayats, municipalities).
- N - Needs both levels’ approval for changes.
Explanation: "INDIAN" highlights why India is a federal nation.
4. Three Lists in Indian Federalism
Mnemonic: LISTS
- L - Lists divide powers clearly.
- I - Includes Union List for national issues (defense, currency).
- S - Sets State List for local issues (police, agriculture).
- T - Ties both levels to Concurrent List (education, health).
- S - Strengthens federalism with clear roles.
Explanation: "LISTS" simplifies the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists in India.
5. How is Federalism Practiced in India?
Mnemonic: PRACTICE
- P - Places power at central, state, local levels.
- R - Reserves national tasks (defense) for the center.
- A - Assigns local tasks (health, education) to states.
- C - Creates Panchayati Raj for local governance.
- T - Ties both levels to Concurrent List laws.
- I - Involves courts to resolve disputes.
- C - Collects taxes at all levels for funds.
- E - Empowers local bodies with elections, reservations.
Explanation: "PRACTICE" shows how India implements federalism across levels.
6. Centre-State Relations
Mnemonic: CENTRE
- C - Creates strong federalism with power sharing.
- E - Encourages state autonomy when parties differ.
- N - Notes past misuse of central power.
- T - Transforms with regional parties’ rise (post-1990).
- R - Relies on coalition governments for balance.
- E - Ensures states’ voices in national decisions.
Explanation: "CENTRE" highlights how Centre-State relations shape federalism.
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FAQs on Mnemonics: Federalism - Social Studies (SST) Class 10
| 1. What is the definition of Federalism? |  |
Ans. Federalism is a political system in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units, such as states or provinces. This division of power allows for a balance between national and local interests, ensuring that different levels of government can operate effectively and independently within their respective spheres of authority.
| 2. What are the seven key features of Federalism? | |
Ans. The seven key features of federalism include:
1. Division of Powers: Powers are divided between the central and state governments.
2. Written Constitution: A federal system is established by a constitution that outlines the distribution of powers.
3. Supremacy of the Constitution: The constitution is the supreme law, and any law inconsistent with it is void.
4. Independent Judiciary: A judiciary that interprets the constitution and resolves disputes between different levels of government.
5. Bicameral Legislature: A two-house legislature that represents both the central and regional interests.
6. Dual Citizenship: Citizens may have citizenship at both the national and state levels.
7. Equal Representation: Each state is represented equally in the upper house of the legislature, ensuring all states have a voice.
| 3. What makes India a federal country? | |
Ans. India is considered a federal country due to its constitutional framework that establishes a division of powers between the central government and the states. The Indian Constitution provides for a written constitution, a clear allocation of powers through the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, and an independent judiciary to interpret the laws. Additionally, India's federal structure is characterized by a strong central government with significant powers, which coexists with states that have their own governing authorities.
| 4. What are the three lists in Indian federalism? | |
Ans. The three lists in Indian federalism are:
1. Union List: Contains subjects on which only the central government can legislate, such as defense, foreign affairs, and atomic energy.
2. State List: Contains subjects on which only state governments can legislate, such as police, public health, and agriculture.
3. Concurrent List: Contains subjects on which both the central and state governments can legislate, such as education, forests, and trade unions. In case of conflict, the central law prevails.
| 5. How is federalism practiced in India? | |
Ans. Federalism in India is practiced through a system of governance where powers and responsibilities are distributed between the central government and state governments. The Constitution outlines the roles of each level of government, ensuring that states can legislate on matters within their jurisdiction while the central government handles national issues. Additionally, mechanisms such as the Finance Commission and the Inter-State Council facilitate cooperation and coordination between different levels of government, promoting a collaborative approach to governance.
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