Unit Test (Solutions): Sectors of the Indian Economy | Social Studies (SST) Class 10 PDF Download

Time: 1 hour       

M.M.: 30
 Instructions: Attempt all questions.
Question numbers 1 to 5 carry 1 mark each.
 Question numbers 6 to 8 carry 2 marks each.
 Question numbers 9 to 11 carry 3 marks each.
 Question numbers 12 & 13 carry 5 marks each

Q1. Which sector contributes the most to India's GDP? (1 Mark)

a) Agriculture
b) Industry
c) Services
d) Mining

Ans: c) Services

The services sector has become the largest contributor to India's GDP, surpassing agriculture and industry due to the growth in various service industries.

Q2. Which of the following is a characteristic of the primary sector? (1 Mark)

a) Produces goods from raw materials
b) Involves transformation through manufacturing
c) Uses natural resources directly
d) Provides banking and communication services

Ans: c) Uses natural resources directly

The primary sector is characterized by its direct use of natural resources, unlike the secondary sector, which focuses on manufacturing.

Q3. Disguised unemployment is mostly found in which sector? (1 Mark)

a) Service sector
b) Secondary sector
c) Primary sector
d) IT sector

Ans: c) Primary sector

Disguised unemployment is prevalent in the primary sector, where more workers are employed than necessary for the work being done.

Q4. Name any one activity included in the tertiary sector. (1 Mark)
Ans: Transport is one key activity in the tertiary sector.

Q5. Define Gross Domestic Product (GDP). (1 Mark)
Ans: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific year. It reflects the size of the economy.

• GDP includes only final goods to avoid double counting.
• It sums up the production from all sectors: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
• GDP is a key indicator of economic health and growth.

Q6. What is the difference between organized and unorganized sectors? Give one point for each. (2 Marks)
Ans: Organised Sector:

• Consists of registered enterprises that follow government regulations.
• Offers job security and benefits like paid leave and overtime.

Unorganised Sector:

• Comprises small, scattered units with little government oversight.
• Jobs are often irregular, low-paid, and lack security or benefits.

Q7. Why is the service sector becoming more important in India? Mention any two reasons. (2 Marks)
Ans: The service sector is becoming increasingly important in India for several reasons:

• Economic Growth: As the economy develops, there is a greater demand for services such as transport, trade, and healthcare. This growth in the primary and secondary sectors boosts the need for related services.
• Rising Income Levels: With higher incomes, people are spending more on services like restaurants, tourism, and education. This shift is particularly noticeable in urban areas.

Q8. What is meant by underemployment? Give one example. (2 Marks)
Ans: Underemployment refers to a situation where individuals are working but not to their full potential. This can happen when:

• People are engaged in jobs that do not utilise their skills.
• Workers are employed for fewer hours than they desire or need.
• Individuals are in jobs that pay less than their qualifications warrant.

For example, consider a farmer named Laxmi, who has a small plot of land. Although all family members work on the farm, they are not fully employed because:

• Their combined efforts do not significantly increase production.
• Some family members could be more productive in different jobs.

This situation illustrates underemployment, where people are working but not effectively contributing to economic productivity.

Q9. State any three differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors with one example for each. (3 Marks)
Ans: Differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors:

• Primary Sector: Involves the extraction of natural resources.
  • Example: Agriculture - Cultivating crops like wheat.
• Secondary Sector: Focuses on manufacturing and processing.
  • Example: Textile Industry - Producing clothes from cotton.
• Tertiary Sector: Provides services rather than goods.
  • Example: Healthcare - Hospitals and clinics offering medical services.

Q10. What steps can be taken to reduce unemployment in rural areas? Mention any three. (3 Marks)
Ans: To reduce unemployment in rural areas, the following steps can be taken:

• Improve Agricultural Productivity: Invest in irrigation and provide affordable credit to farmers. This enables them to grow more crops and create additional jobs.
• Promote Local Industries: Establish small-scale industries, such as food processing and agro-based mills, to create jobs and boost the local economy.
• Enhance Infrastructure: Develop better transportation and storage facilities. This helps farmers sell their products more effectively and increases job opportunities.

Q11. Explain the need for protecting workers in the unorganised sector. Give any three reasons. (3 Marks)
Ans: The protection of workers in the unorganised sector is essential for several reasons:

• Job Security: Workers in this sector often face insecure employment, which means they can lose their jobs without notice.
• Fair Wages: Many workers receive low and irregular pay, making it difficult for them to support their families.
• Health and Safety: There are usually no health and safety regulations in place, putting workers at risk of injury and poor working conditions.

Q12. How has the contribution of different sectors changed in India from 1973-74 to 2013-14? What does this tell us about the economic development of the country? (5 Marks)
Ans: Between 1973-74 and 2013-14, the contribution of different sectors to India's economy underwent significant changes:

• Primary Sector: Initially the largest, its share in GDP decreased as the economy developed.
• Secondary Sector: Experienced growth but did not surpass the tertiary sector in terms of GDP contribution.
• Tertiary Sector: Emerged as the largest sector by 2013-14, indicating a shift towards services.

This evolution reflects key aspects of India's economic development:

• As the economy grew, there was a transition from agriculture to services.
• The rise in the tertiary sector suggests increased demand for services like education, healthcare, and retail.
• Despite growth in production, employment patterns remained stable, with the primary sector still employing the majority.

Overall, these changes illustrate a move towards a more diversified economy, similar to trends seen in developed nations.

Q13. Explain the differences between public and private sectors in terms of ownership, motive, and examples. Also, explain why public sector activities are important for a country like India. (5 Marks)
Ans: Differences between Public and Private Sectors

• Ownership:
  • In the public sector, the government owns most assets and provides services.
  • In the private sector, ownership lies with private individuals or companies.
• Motive:
  • The primary aim of the public sector is to serve the community, not just to make profits.
  • The private sector focuses on earning profits, requiring payment for services.
• Examples:
  • Public sector: Railways, post offices.
  • Private sector: Tata Iron and Steel Company, Reliance Industries.

Importance of Public Sector Activities in India

• Public sector activities ensure the provision of essential services that may not be profitable for the private sector.
• These activities include: Construction of roads and bridges. Providing electricity and irrigation.
• They help in addressing societal needs, such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
• Government spending in these areas promotes overall economic development and social welfare.