Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Physics Class 10 ICSE > Worksheet: Radioactivity
Worksheet: Radioactivity | Physics Class 10 ICSE PDF Download
Part A — Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a shell with number n is given by:
(a) n²
(b) 2n
(c) 2n²
(d) n³
Q2. Two atoms have the same mass number but different atomic numbers. They are called:
(a) Isotopes
(b) Isobars
(c) Isotones
(d) Isomers
Q3. In a magnetic or electric field, which radiation from a radioactive source goes undeflected?
(a) Alpha (α)
(b) Beta (β)
(c) Gamma (γ)
(d) All are deflected
Q4. Which statement correctly compares penetrating power and ionising power?
(a) α highest penetration, lowest ionising
(b) β highest penetration, moderate ionising
(c) γ highest penetration, lowest ionising
(d) γ lowest penetration, highest ionising
Q5. During beta (β) emission from a nucleus:
(a) A increases by 4, Z decreases by 2
(b) A decreases by 4, Z increases by 2
(c) A unchanged, Z increases by 1
(d) A unchanged, Z unchanged
Part B — Short Answer Questions
Q6. Define atomic number and mass number. Give one quick example.
Q7. How are isotopes, isobars, and isotones different? Give one example of each.
Q8. Why is an atom electrically neutral?
Q9. Explain why radioactivity is called a nuclear phenomenon.
Q10. List two useful applications and two safety precautions for radioactive substances.
Part C — Long Answer Questions
Q11: Consider these neutral atoms: ¹H, ²H, ³H (hydrogen isotopes), ²³Na, ²³Mg, ²⁴Mg.
(a) Group them as isotopes, isobars, and isotones.
(b) For each, state protons (Z), neutrons (A − Z), and electrons
Q12. Explain the harmful effects of nuclear radiations and the safety precautions needed while handling radioactive materials.
Q13. Explain, step by step, the difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, what a chain reaction is, and how energy is released in these processes. Include controlled vs uncontrolled reactions.
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FAQs on Worksheet: Radioactivity - Physics Class 10 ICSE
| 1. What is radioactivity and how does it occur? |  |
Ans.Radioactivity is the process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation. This can occur through the decay of isotopes, where an unstable nucleus transforms into a more stable one by emitting particles such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. The main types of radioactive decay include alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay, each characterized by the type of radiation emitted.
| 2. What are the different types of radioactive decay? | |
Ans.The three primary types of radioactive decay are alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma decay. In alpha decay, an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (²He), which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. In beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus transforms into a proton and emits a beta particle (an electron or positron). Gamma decay involves the release of gamma rays, which are high-energy electromagnetic waves, without changing the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus.
| 3. How can we detect radioactivity? | |
Ans.Radioactivity can be detected using various instruments such as Geiger-Müller counters, scintillation counters, and ionization chambers. A Geiger-Müller counter detects ionizing radiation by measuring the electrical charge produced when radiation interacts with the gas inside the counter. Scintillation counters use materials that emit light when exposed to radiation, allowing the detection of radioactive particles. Ionization chambers measure the amount of ionization caused by radiation in a gas-filled chamber.
| 4. What are the applications of radioactivity in everyday life? | |
Ans.Radioactivity has several important applications in everyday life, including medical imaging and treatments, such as in cancer radiotherapy and diagnostic techniques like PET scans. It is also used in smoke detectors, where alpha particles emitted by a radioactive source help detect smoke. Additionally, radioactivity plays a role in dating archaeological finds through radiocarbon dating, and in various industrial applications, such as measuring the thickness of materials and tracing the flow of substances.
| 5. What safety measures should be taken when working with radioactive materials? | |
Ans.When working with radioactive materials, safety measures include minimizing exposure time, maximizing distance from the source, and using appropriate shielding (such as lead or concrete) to reduce radiation levels. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, lab coats, and safety goggles should be worn. It is also important to monitor radiation levels using detectors and to follow regulatory guidelines for the safe handling and disposal of radioactive waste. Proper training and awareness of emergency procedures are essential for ensuring safety.
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