Previous Year Questions: Work, Livelihood and Career - Class 10 PDF Download

Ans: (c) Diet consultant  Clinical nutrition is a specialized field within nutrition science that focuses on the role of nutrition in managing and preventing diseases, particularly in clinical settings such as hospitals, clinics, or healthcare facilities. A diet consultant, also known as a clinical dietitian or registered dietitian, is directly involved in assessing patients' nutritional needs, developing personalized diet plans, monitoring progress, and providing counseling to improve health outcomes for conditions like diabetes, heart disease, obesity, or malnutrition. This role requires in-depth knowledge of medical nutrition therapy, biochemistry, physiology, and patient interaction, making it the most suitable career option in clinical nutrition. In contrast, a quality control manager oversees product standards and compliance in food manufacturing but does not directly deal with patient diets. A specialist in HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) focuses on food safety protocols to prevent hazards in production processes, which is more aligned with food industry regulations rather than clinical care.

Ans: (b) Shola craft  Shola craft, also referred to as Sholapith craft, is a traditional handicraft originating from Odisha (as well as parts of West Bengal and Assam), where artisans use the soft, milky-white pith from the shola plant (Aeschynomene aspera) to create intricate decorative items, sculptures, garlands, headgear for deities, and ritualistic objects. The craft involves shaving the outer layer of the plant stalk to reveal the lightweight, spongy core, which is then carved, molded, and assembled into delicate designs often inspired by mythology, nature, or religious themes. This handicraft has historical significance in Odisha, particularly in regions like Puri, where it is used in temple rituals and festivals like Rath Yatra. It reflects Odisha's rich cultural heritage and provides livelihood to rural artisans. Among the options, Channapatna dolls are wooden toys from Karnataka, known for their lacquer finish and GI tag.

Ans: (c) Tamil Nadu  The Sustainable Access in Rural India (SARI) project was initiated in Tamil Nadu, specifically in the Madurai district, as a pilot program to demonstrate that viable markets exist for information and communication technology (ICT) services in rural areas. Launched around 2001 by a collaboration between institutions like Harvard University, MIT Media Lab, IIT Madras, and local partners such as n-Logue Communications and the TeNeT Group, the project aimed to provide affordable internet access, e-services (like e-governance, telemedicine, education, and agricultural advice), and kiosks in underserved villages. By 2004, it had established around 78 kiosks in Melur Taluk of Madurai, benefiting communities through improved connectivity and economic opportunities.

Ans: (c) The Factories Act  Section 48 of The Factories Act, 1948, mandates that in any factory where more than thirty women workers are ordinarily employed, the occupier must provide and maintain suitable creche facilities (rooms) for the children under six years of age of such women employees. These creches must be adequately lit, ventilated, clean, and supervised by trained women, with provisions for milk, refreshments, and play areas to ensure the well-being of the children while their mothers work. This provision aims to support working mothers, promote gender equality in employment, and comply with labor welfare standards in industrial settings. The Plantations Labour Act, 1951, requires creches for plantations employing 50 or more women (Section 12), but the threshold and context differ.

Ans: The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) scheme, launched by the Government of India in 2004 under the Ministry of Education (now integrated into Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan), is designed for girls like Sumera from remote, rural, or educationally backward areas who have been out of school or never enrolled, providing them access to residential schooling. It targets girls aged 10-18 from disadvantaged groups such as Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes (OBC), minorities, and Below Poverty Line (BPL) families in Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs) where female literacy is below the national average or gender gaps in education are high. Two other features of the scheme include: (1) It offers free residential education from Class 6 to 12 (initially up to Class 8, later extended), including boarding, lodging, uniforms, books, and stipends, with a focus on bridging learning gaps through accelerated education programs and vocational training to empower girls economically and socially. (2) The scheme emphasizes holistic development by incorporating life skills education, health and hygiene awareness, sports, and self-defense training, while ensuring 75% enrollment for girls from SC/ST/OBC/minority communities to reduce dropout rates and promote gender parity in education.